Ecotoxicological assessment of waste foundry sands and the application of different classification systems

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1002/ieam.4983

Carlotta Alias, Flavio Cioli, Alessandro Abbà, Donatella Feretti, Sabrina Sorlini

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Abstract

The application of a battery of bioassays is widely recognized as a useful tool for assessing environmental hazard samples. However, the integration of different toxicity data is a key aspect of this assessment and remains a challenge. The evaluation of industrial waste leachates did not initially undergo any of the proposed integration procedures. This research addressed this knowledge gap. Twenty-five samples of waste foundry sands were subjected to a leaching test (UNI EN 12457-2) to evaluate waste recovery and landfill disposal. The leachates were evaluated using a battery of standardized toxicity bioassays composed of Aliivibrio fischeri (EN ISO 11348-3), Daphnia magna (UNI EN ISO 6341), and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (UNI EN ISO 8692), both undiluted and diluted. Daphnia magna and P. subcapitata were the most affected organisms, with significant effects caused by 68% and 64% of undiluted samples, respectively. The dilution of samples facilitates the calculation of EC50 values, which ranged from greater than the highest concentration tested to 2.5 g/L for P. subcapitata. The data on single-organism toxicity were integrated using three methods: the Toxicity Classification System, the toxicity test battery integrated index, and the EcoScore system. The three classifications were strongly similar. According to all applied systems, three samples were clearly nontoxic (from iron casting plants) and two were highly toxic (from steel casting plants). Moreover, the similar ranking between undiluted and diluted leachates suggests the possibility of using only undiluted leachates for a more cost-effective and time-efficient screening of waste materials. The findings of this study highlight the usefulness of integrating ecotoxicological waste assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2294–2311. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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铸造废砂的生态毒理学评估及不同分类系统的应用。

人们普遍认为，应用一系列生物测定方法是评估环境危害样本的有用工具。然而，整合不同的毒性数据是这一评估的关键环节，也是一项挑战。对工业废物沥滤液的评估最初并未采用任何建议的整合程序。这项研究填补了这一知识空白。对 25 个铸造废砂样本进行了浸出试验（UNI EN 12457-2），以评估废物回收和填埋处理情况。在未稀释和已稀释的情况下，使用一系列标准化毒性生物测定对浸出物进行了评估，这些生物测定包括弗氏阿利维弧菌（EN ISO 11348-3）、大型蚤（UNI EN ISO 6341）和亚头蚤（Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata）（UNI EN ISO 8692）。受影响最大的生物是大型水蚤和亚盘尾柱虫，分别有 68% 和 64% 的未稀释样品对它们产生了显著影响。稀释样品有助于计算 EC50 值，EC50 值从高于测试的最高浓度到 P. subcapitata 的 2.5 克/升不等。使用三种方法对单生物毒性数据进行了整合：毒性分类系统、毒性测试电池综合指数和生态分数系统。这三种分类方法非常相似。根据所有应用系统，有三个样本明显无毒（来自铸铁厂），两个样本剧毒（来自铸钢厂）。此外，未稀释渗滤液和稀释渗滤液的等级相似，这表明可以只使用未稀释渗滤液来对废料进行更具成本效益和时间效率的筛选。这项研究的结果凸显了综合生态毒理学废物评估的实用性。Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-18。© 2024 The Author(s).综合环境评估与管理》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理学与化学学会 (SETAC) 出版。

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来源期刊

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCESTOXICOLOGY&nbs-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.50%

发文量

156

期刊介绍： Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM) publishes the science underpinning environmental decision making and problem solving. Papers submitted to IEAM must link science and technical innovations to vexing regional or global environmental issues in one or more of the following core areas: Science-informed regulation, policy, and decision making Health and ecological risk and impact assessment Restoration and management of damaged ecosystems Sustaining ecosystems Managing large-scale environmental change Papers published in these broad fields of study are connected by an array of interdisciplinary engineering, management, and scientific themes, which collectively reflect the interconnectedness of the scientific, social, and environmental challenges facing our modern global society: Methods for environmental quality assessment; forecasting across a number of ecosystem uses and challenges (systems-based, cost-benefit, ecosystem services, etc.); measuring or predicting ecosystem change and adaptation Approaches that connect policy and management tools; harmonize national and international environmental regulation; merge human well-being with ecological management; develop and sustain the function of ecosystems; conceptualize, model and apply concepts of spatial and regional sustainability Assessment and management frameworks that incorporate conservation, life cycle, restoration, and sustainability; considerations for climate-induced adaptation, change and consequences, and vulnerability Environmental management applications using risk-based approaches; considerations for protecting and fostering biodiversity, as well as enhancement or protection of ecosystem services and resiliency.