The epigenetic effects of glucocorticoids, sex hormones and vitamin D as steroidal hormones in rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases.

IF 3.4 4区 医学 Q2 RHEUMATOLOGY
Emanuele Gotelli, Rosanna Campitiello, Elvis Hysa, Stefano Soldano, Andrea Casabella, Carmen Pizzorni, Sabrina Paolino, Alberto Sulli, Vanessa Smith, Maurizio Cutolo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Chronic rheumatological diseases are multifactorial conditions in which both the neuroendocrine hormone pathway, including cortisol, sex hormones and active vitamin D3 (calcitriol), all deriving from cholesterol, and the epigenetic modifications that they cause play an important role. In fact, epigenetics modulates the function of the DNA of immune cells, through three main mechanisms: DNA methylation, modifications to the histones that make up chromatin and production of non-coding RNAs (microRNA - miRNA). In this narrative review, the main data regarding the epigenetic modifications induced by cortisol, 17β-oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and calcitriol on immune cells were collected, discussing how these can interfere in the predisposition and course of chronic rheumatological diseases (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis). An ever-increasing number of miRNAs have been identified, which are produced by neuroendocrine hormones and can influence the inflammatory-fibrotic response at various levels. Concerning the involvements of the neuro-endocrine-immunology within the pathophysiology of rheumatic diseases, the epigenetic effects induced by steroid hormones must be taken into consideration to evaluate their impact on the progression of the single condition and even inside the single patient.

糖皮质激素、性激素和维生素 D 作为类固醇激素在风湿性肌肉骨骼疾病中的表观遗传效应。
慢性风湿病是一种多因素疾病,其中神经内分泌激素途径(包括皮质醇、性激素和活性维生素 D3(钙三醇),均来自胆固醇)及其引起的表观遗传学改变都起着重要作用。事实上,表观遗传学通过三种主要机制调节免疫细胞 DNA 的功能:DNA 甲基化、组成染色质的组蛋白的修饰和非编码 RNA(microRNA - miRNA)的产生。在这篇叙述性综述中,收集了有关皮质醇、17β-雌二醇、孕酮、睾酮和钙三醇对免疫细胞诱导的表观遗传修饰的主要数据,讨论了这些修饰如何干扰慢性风湿病(即类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、系统性硬化症)的易感性和病程。目前已发现越来越多的 miRNA,它们由神经内分泌激素产生,可在不同水平上影响炎症-纤维化反应。关于神经内分泌免疫学在风湿病病理生理学中的作用,必须考虑到类固醇激素诱导的表观遗传效应,以评估它们对单一病症甚至是单一患者病情发展的影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
18.90%
发文量
377
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology is a bi-monthly international peer-reviewed journal which has been covering all clinical, experimental and translational aspects of musculoskeletal, arthritic and connective tissue diseases since 1983.
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