How does CHD4 slide nucleosomes?

IF 3.8 3区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Xavier J Reid, Yichen Zhong, Joel P Mackay
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Chromatin remodelling enzymes reposition nucleosomes throughout the genome to regulate the rate of transcription and other processes. These enzymes have been studied intensively since the 1990s, and yet the mechanism by which they operate has only very recently come into focus, following advances in cryoelectron microscopy and single-molecule biophysics. CHD4 is an essential and ubiquitous chromatin remodelling enzyme that until recently has received less attention than remodellers such as Snf2 and CHD1. Here we review what recent work in the field has taught us about how CHD4 reshapes the genome. Cryoelectron microscopy and single-molecule studies demonstrate that CHD4 shares a central remodelling mechanism with most other chromatin remodellers. At the same time, differences between CHD4 and other chromatin remodellers result from the actions of auxiliary domains that regulate remodeller activity by for example: (1) making differential interactions with nucleosomal epitopes such as the acidic patch and the N-terminal tail of histone H4, and (2) inducing the formation of distinct multi-protein remodelling complexes (e.g. NuRD vs ChAHP). Thus, although we have learned much about remodeller activity, there is still clearly much more waiting to be revealed.

CHD4 如何滑动核糖体?
染色质重塑酶在整个基因组中重新定位核小体,以调节转录和其他过程的速度。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来,人们一直在对这些酶进行深入研究,但随着冷冻电镜技术和单分子生物物理学的发展,它们的运作机制直到最近才得到关注。CHD4 是一种重要的、无处不在的染色质重塑酶,但直到最近,它受到的关注还不如 Snf2 和 CHD1 等重塑酶。在此,我们回顾了该领域的最新研究成果,让我们了解到 CHD4 是如何重塑基因组的。冷冻电镜和单分子研究表明,CHD4 与其他大多数染色质重塑因子共享一种核心重塑机制。与此同时,CHD4 与其他染色质重塑因子之间的差异来自辅助结构域的作用,这些辅助结构域通过以下方式调节重塑因子的活性:(1)与核糖体表位(如酸性斑块和组蛋白 H4 的 N 端尾部)进行不同的相互作用;(2)诱导形成不同的多蛋白重塑复合物(如 NuRD 与 ChAHP)。因此,尽管我们已经了解了很多重塑因子的活性,但显然还有更多的东西等待我们去揭示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Biochemical Society transactions
Biochemical Society transactions 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
351
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Biochemical Society Transactions is the reviews journal of the Biochemical Society. Publishing concise reviews written by experts in the field, providing a timely snapshot of the latest developments across all areas of the molecular and cellular biosciences. Elevating our authors’ ideas and expertise, each review includes a perspectives section where authors offer comment on the latest advances, a glimpse of future challenges and highlighting the importance of associated research areas in far broader contexts.
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