Helicobacter pylori cagA/vacAs1-m1 strain is associated with high risk of fibrosis in metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives

Recent studies have suggested an association between H. pylori and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aim to evaluate the association of H. pylori virulence genes with non-invasive markers of liver injury and fibrosis in MASLD subjects.

Patients and Methods

A total of 362 dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy were selected. Biochemical, clinical parameters, ultrasound, FIB-4 score, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), gastric biopsies, and H. pylori virulence genes (cagA, vacA) were evaluated.

Results

A cohort comprised of 61 % women and 39 % men with a median age of 52 (40–60) years. MASLD was observed in 42 %, and H. pylori-positive in 45 %. No differences were observed regarding H. pylori status at co-morbid metabolic conditions. In MASLD cohort, H. pylori-positive was associated with higher AST, ALT, FIB-4 and LSM. Indeed, carriers of cagA/vacA-s1/m1-positive allelic combination were associated with higher AST, ALT, FIB-4 and LSM but not cagA/vacA-s1/m1-negative. The OR for high-risk of significant/advanced- fibrosis by VCTE (≥8 kPa) with H. pylori-positive was 2.56 (95 % CI, 1.2–5.75) and for cagA/vacA-s1/-m1-positive allelic carriers was 4.01 (95 % CI, 1.38–11.56), but non-significant association in cagA/vacA-s1/-m1-negative. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, BMI and hypertension the OR for VCTE ≥8 kPa with H. pylori-positive was 2.43 (95 % CI, 1.88–12.44), and cagA/vacA-s1/m1-positive allelic carriers was 4.06 (95 % CI, 1.22–14.49).

Conclusions

In our cohort of functional dyspepsia (FD) patients with MASLD, H. pylori was associated with non-invasive markers of liver injury and fibrosis. Carriers of cagA/vacA-s1/m1-positive allelic combination showed an independent risk of significant/advanced fibrosis by VCTE.