Mapping the landscape: A scoping review of 21st century skills literature in secondary education

Abstract

21st century skills prepare students to adapt to a rapidly changing world, ensuring their capability of continuous learning and problem-solving. This review provides a systematic overview of how 21st century skills are addressed in research. It focuses on the context of secondary education and uses a PRISMA flow diagram to analyze 82 research articles. Results reveal that research on 21st century skills focuses on educational stakeholders’ opinions and attitudes, their potential effects and how they are implemented or assessed. The findings highlight a need for research to enhance the implementation of 21st century skills in secondary education.