Single-Mode-Multimode-Single-Mode Fiber (SMS): Exploring Environmental Sensing Capabilities

Abstract

In this letter, we study the environmental sensing capabilities of a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber in a simple low-cost configuration. SMS fibers exhibit sensitivity to temperature, humidity, refractive index, and strain, making them suitable for numerous applications in telecommunications, environmental monitoring, and more. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor achieves a maximum temperature sensitivity of 4.53 nm/°C. In addition, SMS fibers can also work as humidity sensors by absorbing or releasing moisture, leading to variations in the refractive index. Monitoring these changes allows for precise humidity measurements, with a sensitivity of 0.1548 nm/%RH. Moreover, SMS fibers show a refractive index sensitivity of 39.65 nm/RIU and strain sensitivities as high as 1.062 nm/μϵ, indicating good performance.