Clogging in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: Mechanisms, influencing factors, measurements, modelling, and remediation

IF 3.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107374

Sudeep Kumar Mishra , Sanket Dey Chowdhury , Puspendu Bhunia , Arindam Sarkar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Clogging has garnered growing interest as a significant operational and maintenance concern that affects the sustainable development and implementation of sub-surface flow (SSF) wetlands in wastewater treatment. The existing literature on clogging has been found to have limitations, as none of the studies have provided a comprehensive overview of the entire clogging process, starting from its initiation to remediation. In addition, very few works have addressed the models that were utilized to forecast the occurrence of system clogging. This study primarily focuses on the process of clogging, in widely used SSF wetland systems due to its negative impact on the lifespan of these systems. The article seeks to evaluate different forms of clogging and their developmental mechanisms, as well as the influencing factors. The work thoroughly examines the several techniques used to measure and evaluate clogging. The current review also encompasses the examination of several mathematical models used to predict the clogging of the system. Lastly, it also emphasizes the remediation methods required to resolve clogs. The main objective of this review is to bring all pertinent information on the clogging of SSF wetlands to the attention of prolific researchers with the goal of mitigating system clogging and establishing CW technology as a viable and sustainable alternative for wastewater treatment in the near future.

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地下流动人工湿地的堵塞：机理、影响因素、测量、建模和修复

堵塞作为影响污水处理中地下水流（SSF）湿地可持续发展和实施的一个重要操作和维护问题，已引起越来越多的关注。关于堵塞的现有文献有其局限性，因为没有一项研究对堵塞的整个过程（从开始到修复）进行了全面概述。此外，只有极少数著作探讨了用于预测系统堵塞发生的模型。本研究主要关注广泛使用的 SSF 湿地系统的堵塞过程，因为堵塞会对这些系统的寿命产生负面影响。文章试图评估不同形式的堵塞及其发展机制，以及影响因素。文章深入探讨了用于测量和评估堵塞的几种技术。本综述还包括对用于预测系统堵塞的若干数学模型的研究。最后，它还强调了解决堵塞所需的补救方法。本综述的主要目的是让多产研究人员注意到 SSF 湿地堵塞方面的所有相关信息，以减轻系统堵塞，并在不久的将来将 CW 技术确立为一种可行且可持续的废水处理替代技术。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

5.30%

发文量

293

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.