Deciphering the defense response in tomato against Sclerotium rolfsii by Trichoderma asperellum strain A10 through gene expression analysis.

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

3 Biotech Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1007/s13205-024-04040-4

C Shanmugaraj, Deeba Kamil, R Parimalan, Praveen Kumar Singh, P R Shashank, M A Iquebal, Zakir Hussain, Amrita Das, Robin Gogoi, K Nishmitha

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Abstract

Biological control agents are preferred over chemicals for managing plant diseases, with Trichoderma species being particularly effective against soil-borne pathogens. This study examines the use of a highly antagonistic strain, Trichoderma asperellum A10, and a virulent strain, Sclerotium rolfsii Sr38, identified and confirmed through ITS, β-tubulin (T. asperellum), TEF 1α, and RPB2 (S. rolfsii) sequences. In vitro and in planta experiments compared the antagonistic potential of A10 with other antagonistic fungi and fungicides against S. rolfsii. A10 achieved 94.66% inhibition of S. rolfsii in dual culture assays. In greenhouse trials with tomato variety Pusa Ruby, A10 showed significant pre- and post-inoculation effectiveness, with disease inhibition of 86.17 and 80.60%, respectively, outperforming T. harzianum, Propiconazole, and Carbendazim. Additionally, microbial priming with A10 was explored to enhance plant defense responses. Pre-treatment of tomato plants with T. asperellum A10 led to significant upregulation of several defense-related genes, including PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR12, thioredoxin peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, isochorismate synthase, laccase, prosystemin, multicystatin, WRKY31, MYC2, lipoxygenase A, lipoxygenase C, proteinase inhibitor I, proteinase inhibitor II, and ethylene response 1 associated with various signaling pathways such as salicylic acid (SA)-mediated and jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET)-mediated responses. This upregulation was particularly evident at 48 h post-inoculation in A10-primed plants challenged with S. rolfsii, inducing resistance against collar rot disease. This study underscores the effectiveness of T. asperellum A10 in controlling collar rot and highlights its potential for inducing resistance in plants through microbial priming, providing valuable insights into sustainable disease management strategies.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04040-4.

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通过基因表达分析破译西红柿中毛霉 A10 菌株对 Sclerotium rolfsii 的防御反应。

在管理植物病害方面，生物防治剂比化学药剂更受青睐，其中毛霉菌种对土壤传播的病原体尤其有效。本研究考察了高度拮抗菌株毛霉 A10 和毒株 Sclerotium rolfsii Sr38 的使用情况，通过 ITS、β-微管蛋白（T. asperellum）、TEF 1α 和 RPB2（S. rolfsii）序列进行了鉴定和确认。体外和植物实验比较了 A10 与其他拮抗真菌和杀真菌剂对 S. rolfsii 的拮抗潜力。在双重培养试验中，A10 对 S. rolfsii 的抑制率达到 94.66%。在番茄品种 Pusa Ruby 的温室试验中，A10 在接种前和接种后都显示出显著的效果，病害抑制率分别为 86.17% 和 80.60%，优于 T. harzianum、丙环唑和多菌灵。此外，还探索了用 A10 进行微生物预处理以增强植物防御反应的方法。用 T. asperellum A10 对番茄植株进行预处理，可提高植株的防御能力。Asperellum A10 可显著上调多个防御相关基因，包括 PR1、PR2、PR3、PR5、PR12、硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸氨化酶、异喋脲酸合成酶、漆酶、原系统蛋白、多囊蛋白、WRKY31、MYC2、脂氧合酶 A、脂氧合酶 C、蛋白酶抑制剂 I、蛋白酶抑制剂 II 和乙烯反应 1 与水杨酸（SA）介导的反应和茉莉酸/乙烯（JA/ET）介导的反应等各种信号途径有关。在接种后 48 小时，这种上调在以 A10 为诱导剂、受到 S. rolfsii 挑战的植株中尤为明显，从而诱导植株产生抗领腐病的能力。这项研究强调了T. asperellum A10在控制领腐病方面的有效性，并突出了其通过微生物引诱诱导植物产生抗性的潜力，为可持续病害管理策略提供了宝贵的见解：在线版本包含补充材料，可查阅 10.1007/s13205-024-04040-4。

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来源期刊

3 Biotech Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

314

期刊介绍： 3 Biotech publishes the results of the latest research related to the study and application of biotechnology to: - Medicine and Biomedical Sciences - Agriculture - The Environment The focus on these three technology sectors recognizes that complete Biotechnology applications often require a combination of techniques. 3 Biotech not only presents the latest developments in biotechnology but also addresses the problems and benefits of integrating a variety of techniques for a particular application. 3 Biotech will appeal to scientists and engineers in both academia and industry focused on the safe and efficient application of Biotechnology to Medicine, Agriculture and the Environment.