Specialized metabolites of the endophyte Annulohypoxylon areolatum hosted by Aconitum carmichaelii

Abstract

Seven previously undescribed compounds, including one amino acid hybrid sesquiterpene areolatol A (1), two unusual natural sesquiterpenoid skeleton areolatones A-B (2-3) and four benzo[j]fluoranthene areolaranes A-D (4–7) were characterized from Annulohypoxylon areolatum. The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD and NMR computational. Notably, areolatol A (1) was the first reported sesquiterpene featuring a 5/7/3-ring system and hybridized with two molecular amino acids. In addition, areolaranes A-D (4–7) were identified as possible chemophenetic markers.