Proline and glycine betaine: A dynamic duo for enhancing salt stress resilience in maize by regulating growth, Stomatal size, and Oxidative stress responses

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.stress.2024.100563

Mohammad Saidur Rhaman , Farjana Rauf , Shaila Shermin Tania , Nafiz Bayazid , Md Tahjib-ul-Arif , Arif Hasan Khan Robin , Md Anamul Hoque , Xinghong Yang , Yoshiyuki Murata , Marian Brestic

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Osmolytes proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) have been reported to impart tolerance against salinity stress in many plants. However, there is no report available on the combined application of Pro and GB to mitigate salinity-induced growth inhibition in maize. Consequently, the goal of the current study is to assess Pro's and GB's potential as priming and exogenous agents in maize under salt stress. Therefore, the present study was conducted using a petri dish and hydroponic pot experiment to evaluate the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize plants subjected to salt stress, with the addition of Pro and GB. The seeds of maize were germinated under 20 mM of each Pro or GB, with or without 120 mM salinity stress. The findings demonstrated that salt stress lessened the final germination percentage (FGP) (52.9 %), photosynthetic pigments (40.0 %), relative water content (RWC) (20.2 %), stomatal size (59.3 %), and leaf and root K⁺/Na⁺ ratios of maize seedlings compared to control. In addition, compared to the control, higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (24.2 %) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (25.7 %) were observed, whereas lower levels of catalase (CAT) (43.8 %) and peroxidase (POX) (30.4 %) were noted. The priming with Pro, GB, Pro+GB significantly increased FGP, germination index (GI), shoot-root biomass, seed vigor index (SVI), and reduced mean germination time (MGT) under salt stress. Foliar application of Pro, GB, or Pro+GB resulted in a significant increment in chlorophyll contents, RWC, K⁺ absorption, and stomatal size under salt stress. Furthermore, supplementing with Pro, GB, or Pro+GB reduced the accumulation of H₂O₂ (24.0, 23.3, and 31.1 %, respectively) and MDA (22.8, 17.2, and 32.1 %, respectively) caused by salt and augmented the levels of CAT (33.3, 22.8, and 45.2 %, respectively) and POX (36.4, 23.5, and 47.2 %, respectively) in the leaves. Taken together, the current study's findings indicate that combining Pro and GB is one of the most effective techniques for improving the salinity-tolerant seed germination and seedling traits of maize plants. Consequently, this study recommends that Pro and GB can be used as seed priming and exogenous agents to help maize grow faster in salt-stress situations.

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脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱：通过调节生长、气孔大小和氧化应激反应增强玉米抗盐胁迫能力的动态二重奏

据报道，渗透溶质脯氨酸（Pro）和甘氨酸甜菜碱（GB）可增强许多植物对盐胁迫的耐受性。然而，目前还没有关于联合应用 Pro 和 GB 来缓解盐分引起的玉米生长抑制的报告。因此，本研究的目的是评估 Pro 和 GB 作为盐胁迫下玉米的启动剂和外源剂的潜力。因此，本研究采用培养皿和水培花盆实验来评估添加 Pro 和 GB 后玉米植株在盐胁迫下的形态生理和生化特征。玉米种子在 20 毫摩尔的 Pro 或 GB 和 120 毫摩尔的盐胁迫下发芽。研究结果表明，与对照相比，盐胁迫降低了玉米幼苗的最终发芽率（52.9%）、光合色素（40.0%）、相对含水量（20.2%）、气孔大小（59.3%）以及叶片和根的 K+/Na+ 比率。此外，与对照组相比，观察到丙二醛 (MDA) (24.2 %) 和过氧化氢 (H2O2) (25.7 %) 含量较高，而过氧化氢酶 (CAT) (43.8 %) 和过氧化物酶 (POX) (30.4 %) 含量较低。在盐胁迫条件下，使用 Pro、GB、Pro+GB 打底能显著提高 FGP、发芽指数（GI）、芽根生物量、种子活力指数（SVI），并缩短平均发芽时间（MGT）。叶面喷施 Pro、GB 或 Pro+GB 能显著提高盐胁迫下的叶绿素含量、RWC、K+ 吸收率和气孔大小。此外，补充 Pro、GB 或 Pro+GB 还能减少盐引起的 H2O2（分别为 24.0%、23.3% 和 31.1%）和 MDA（分别为 22.8%、17.2% 和 32.1%）的积累，提高叶片中 CAT（分别为 33.3%、22.8% 和 45.2%）和 POX（分别为 36.4%、23.5% 和 47.2%）的水平。综上所述，本研究的结果表明，将 Pro 和 GB 结合使用是提高玉米植株耐盐种子萌发和幼苗性状的最有效技术之一。因此，本研究建议将 Pro 和 GB 用作种子诱导剂和外源剂，以帮助玉米在盐胁迫条件下更快地生长。

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来源期刊

Plant Stress PLANT SCIENCES-

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The journal Plant Stress deals with plant (or other photoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria and lichens) responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors that can result in limited growth and productivity. Such responses can be analyzed and described at a physiological, biochemical and molecular level. Experimental approaches/technologies aiming to improve growth and productivity with a potential for downstream validation under stress conditions will also be considered. Both fundamental and applied research manuscripts are welcome, provided that clear mechanistic hypotheses are made and descriptive approaches are avoided. In addition, high-quality review articles will also be considered, provided they follow a critical approach and stimulate thought for future research avenues. Plant Stress welcomes high-quality manuscripts related (but not limited) to interactions between plants and: Lack of water (drought) and excess (flooding), Salinity stress, Elevated temperature and/or low temperature (chilling and freezing), Hypoxia and/or anoxia, Mineral nutrient excess and/or deficiency, Heavy metals and/or metalloids, Plant priming (chemical, biological, physiological, nanomaterial, biostimulant) approaches for improved stress protection, Viral, phytoplasma, bacterial and fungal plant-pathogen interactions. The journal welcomes basic and applied research articles, as well as review articles and short communications. All submitted manuscripts will be subject to a thorough peer-reviewing process.