Gymnosperm collecting in China: Past, present, and future

IF 3.7 1区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Dan Xie, Tian‐Xiang Chen, Hong Du, Hui Wu, Jin‐Hua Ran
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Abstract

Assessing sampling biases caused by nonrandom specimen collecting is crucial in systematics, biogeography, and conservation. Nevertheless, research on the collecting biases of vascular plants in China remains limited. Here, we investigated the collecting status of gymnosperms in China using 48 673 herbarium specimens representing 180 Chinese gymnosperm species. The spatial and temporal patterns, collector and determiner biases, and phylogenetic and taxon biases were studied to comprehend the collecting bias of gymnosperms in China during 1900–2021. Meanwhile, we assessed the inventory completeness of gymnosperms to identify collecting hotspots and coldspots. The results showed that gymnosperms predominantly inhabit mountainous areas in China. The historical collecting of gymnosperms in China can be divided into two distinct stages with four peaks of collecting activities. The distribution of collected or identified specimens per individual displays significant skewness, and the collecting of gymnosperms has the issues of overcollecting or undersampling. Inventory completeness remains deficient, and collecting intensity is weak in both northern China and the range of 22°–25° N in the southern region (i.e., central Yunnan, southern Guangxi, and eastern Guangdong). Additionally, observation of the spatial distribution reveals both hotspots and coldspots scattered across mountain regions, lacking clustering. This study revealed a highly polarized collecting pattern for gymnosperms in China. Consequently, we recommend optimizing collecting measures, targeted specimen collecting, and continuous dynamic monitoring of gymnosperms in future collecting efforts. These recommendations hold relevance not only for gymnosperms in China but also for other land plants worldwide.
中国的裸子植物采集:过去、现在和未来
评估非随机标本采集造成的取样偏差对于系统学、生物地理学和保护至关重要。然而,有关中国维管植物采集偏差的研究仍然有限。在此,我们利用标本馆中代表 180 种中国裸子植物的 48 673 份标本,调查了中国裸子植物的采集状况。通过研究空间和时间模式、采集者和测定者偏差、系统发育和分类群偏差,了解 1900-2021 年间中国裸子植物的采集偏差。同时,我们评估了裸子植物名录的完整性,以确定采集热点和冷点。结果表明,中国的裸子植物主要分布在山区。中国历史上的裸子植物采集活动可分为两个不同阶段,四个采集高峰。每个个体采集或鉴定的标本分布呈现明显的偏态,裸子植物的采集存在过度采集或采样不足的问题。中国北方和南方地区(即云南中部、广西南部和广东东部)北纬 22°-25° 范围内的采集强度较弱。此外,通过观察空间分布,可以发现热点和冷点都散布在山区,缺乏集群性。这项研究揭示了中国裸子植物的高度两极分化采集模式。因此,我们建议在今后的采集工作中优化采集措施,有针对性地采集标本,并对裸子植物进行持续的动态监测。这些建议不仅适用于中国的裸子植物,也适用于全球其他陆生植物。
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来源期刊
Journal of Systematics and Evolution
Journal of Systematics and Evolution Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
8.10%
发文量
1368
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Systematics and Evolution (JSE, since 2008; formerly Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica) is a plant-based international journal newly dedicated to the description and understanding of the biological diversity. It covers: description of new taxa, monographic revision, phylogenetics, molecular evolution and genome evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, evolutionary ecology, population biology, conservation biology, biogeography, paleobiology, evolutionary theories, and related subjects.
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