A comparative life cycle assessment of the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials on a small and a large scale†

IF 11.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1039/d4gc02347a

Jose Vicente Ros-Lis , Sylvia Vetter , Pete Smith

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Abstract

Silica mesoporous materials have been the subject of wide scientific interest with various applications. However, the environmental impacts associated with their preparation have scarcely been studied. In the present work, we applied the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to the materials MCM-41, MCM-48, UVM-7, mesoporous Stober particles, SBA-15, SBA-16, HMS, KIT-5, KIT-6, MSU, FDU, nano-MCM-41 and nano-MCM-48 for small- (grams) and large-scale (several kilograms) production. Furthermore, various improvements are proposed, and the impact associated with each of them is quantified. The results show that the values of a single score, a normalized and weighed combination of the damage categories, and net greenhouse gas emissions (NGHGE) are highly dependent on the synthesis procedures. On a small scale, the main impact is due to the use of energy and solvents. By contrast on a large scale, the use of solvents, tetraethylorthosilicate and the structure directing agent are the main determinants. From the values obtained for the different materials and scenarios, we estimate that the preparation of this class of materials could have an NGHGE of 54 ± 30 and 31 ± 18 kg CO₂ eq. per kg of mesoporous material for small- and large-scale production, respectively. The use of calcination versus extraction, the incorporation of renewable energy and distillation/rectification are initiatives that can contribute to a significant reduction of the environmental impact.

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小规模和大规模合成介孔二氧化硅材料的生命周期比较评估

二氧化硅介孔材料具有多种用途，一直受到科学界的广泛关注。然而，与制备这些材料相关的环境影响却鲜有研究。在本研究中，我们对 MCM-41、MCM-48、UVM-7、介孔 Stober 粒子、SBA-15、SBA-16、HMS、KIT-5、KIT-6、MSU、FDU、纳米 MCM-41 和纳米 MCM-48 等材料的小规模（克）和大规模（几公斤）生产应用了生命周期评估（LCA）方法。此外，还提出了各种改进措施，并对每种改进措施的影响进行了量化。结果表明，单一评分、损害类别的标准化和权重组合以及温室气体净排放量（NGHGE）的值在很大程度上取决于合成程序。就小规模而言，主要影响来自能源和溶剂的使用。相比之下，在大规模生产中，溶剂、四乙基正硅酸盐和结构引导剂的使用是主要的决定因素。根据对不同材料和方案得出的数值，我们估计在制备这类材料时，小规模和大规模生产每千克介孔材料的 NGHGE 分别为 54 ± 30 和 31 ± 18 千克二氧化碳当量。使用煅烧而非萃取、采用可再生能源以及蒸馏/精馏等措施都有助于显著减少对环境的影响。

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来源期刊

ACS Catalysis CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

6.20%

发文量

1253

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： ACS Catalysis is an esteemed journal that publishes original research in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. It offers broad coverage across diverse areas such as life sciences, organometallics and synthesis, photochemistry and electrochemistry, drug discovery and synthesis, materials science, environmental protection, polymer discovery and synthesis, and energy and fuels. The scope of the journal is to showcase innovative work in various aspects of catalysis. This includes new reactions and novel synthetic approaches utilizing known catalysts, the discovery or modification of new catalysts, elucidation of catalytic mechanisms through cutting-edge investigations, practical enhancements of existing processes, as well as conceptual advances in the field. Contributions to ACS Catalysis can encompass both experimental and theoretical research focused on catalytic molecules, macromolecules, and materials that exhibit catalytic turnover.