A short review on fast charging of Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes

IF 2.6 4区化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI:10.1007/s10008-024-06031-0

Jyotirekha Dutta, Shuvajit Ghosh, Surendra K. Martha

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Abstract

Fast charging (~ 6 C rate) of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is a key requirement to practically realize the growth of the electric vehicles (EVs) market. According to the US Department of Energy (DOE), the fast charge goal is an average of 20 mi min⁻¹ (miles added per minute) or more. However, current state-of-art battery technologies are still far away from the requirements. Ni-rich layered oxide materials are promising cathode materials for the long run due to their high practically achievable capacity of 200 mAh g⁻¹ at an average voltage of 3.8 V vs. Li⁺ /Li. Under fast charging, Ni-rich cathodes undergo anisotropic volume change followed by microcracks formation. As the Ni content increases, the particle crack formation becomes more severe under fast charging. This review article presents a mechanistic insight into the degradation of Ni-rich cathode materials during fast charging, bulk and surface structural evolution during delithiation-lithiation, lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, an overview of the mitigation strategy, and the practical reality of Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials for fast charging applications.

Graphical abstract

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富镍层状氧化物阴极快速充电简评

锂离子电池 (LIB) 的快速充电（约 6 C 速率）是切实实现电动汽车 (EV) 市场增长的关键要求。根据美国能源部（DOE）的规定，快速充电的目标是平均每分钟增加 20 mi-1（英里）或更多。然而，目前最先进的电池技术离这一要求还很遥远。富含镍的层状氧化物材料在平均电压为 3.8 V 时与 Li+ /Li 相比可达到 200 mAh g-1 的高实际容量，因此从长远来看，富含镍的层状氧化物材料是一种前景广阔的阴极材料。在快速充电时，富镍阴极会发生各向异性的体积变化，随后形成微裂缝。随着镍含量的增加，颗粒裂纹的形成在快速充电下变得更加严重。这篇综述文章从机理角度阐述了快速充电过程中富镍正极材料的降解、脱锂-锂化过程中的体积和表面结构演变、锂离子扩散动力学、缓解策略概述以及快速充电应用中富镍层状氧化物正极材料的实际情况。

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来源期刊

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 工程技术-电化学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

4.00%

发文量

227

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry is devoted to all aspects of solid-state chemistry and solid-state physics in electrochemistry. The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry publishes papers on all aspects of electrochemistry of solid compounds, including experimental and theoretical, basic and applied work. It equally publishes papers on the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical reactions if at least one actively participating phase is solid. Also of interest are articles on the transport of ions and electrons in solids whenever these processes are relevant to electrochemical reactions and on the use of solid-state electrochemical reactions in the analysis of solids and their surfaces. The journal covers solid-state electrochemistry and focusses on the following fields: mechanisms of solid-state electrochemical reactions, semiconductor electrochemistry, electrochemical batteries, accumulators and fuel cells, electrochemical mineral leaching, galvanic metal plating, electrochemical potential memory devices, solid-state electrochemical sensors, ion and electron transport in solid materials and polymers, electrocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, corrosion of solid materials, solid-state electroanalysis, electrochemical machining of materials, electrochromism and electrochromic devices, new electrochemical solid-state synthesis. The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry makes the professional in research and industry aware of this swift progress and its importance for future developments and success in the above-mentioned fields.