Spatial representations in a marginal and disconnected rural region in Hungary

Abstract

Restructuring rural spaces brings about essential changes in the everyday lives of rural societies. Rural restructuring shapes and alters the image, identity, and, ultimately, the content and physical environment of the countryside. The trajectories of change vary widely, although the globalisation of rurality severely challenges some parts of rural areas, too. Peripheries, deprived, and remote settlements suffer from the effects and processes of restructuring, and their spatial representation also changes. In Central and Eastern European rural areas, the globalisation of the countryside started right after the political transition, in which these areas were left with a declining population, a collapsed economy, and inadequate infrastructure. In many cases, these disadvantaged settlements could not cope with the challenges of a market-based economy; furthermore, their geographical location and inability to join the labour market created disconnected spaces with low spatial and social mobility. As a result of such a vicious circle, residents in these areas experienced the destruction of local societies and a deteriorating physical environment, supplemented by an ageing population, and because of all these consequences, different spatial representations emerged in and about rurality.

This paper focuses on a disadvantaged, isolated rural area in Hungary, the Baranyai-Hegyhát micro-region. We assume that the changing nature of such rural areas affects local inhabitants' spatial imagination and representation. We surveyed to define values of spatial representation and social status, among other variables. In the evaluation, we compared survey indices and attempted to ascertain the types of spatial representation, social status, and their connections in the research area. As a main result, we found that spatial representations do not depend on spatial position but are strongly associated with social backgrounds.