Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Small-Breed Dogs: A Retrospective Pilot Study

Animals Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI:10.3390/ani14162313
Hyo-Sung Kim, Han-Jun Kim, Sunhee Do
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Abstract

Multiple diagnostic modalities are urgently needed to identify early-stage kidney diseases. Various molecules have been investigated; however, most studies have focused on identifying specific biomarkers in urine. Considering that assessing the symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) plasma concentration is more suitable as an early diagnostic test for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in routine veterinary practice, we aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and plasma kidney injury molecule-1 (pKIM-1) concentrations for CKD detection in small-breed dogs. Through a retrospective analysis, we found that numerous clinicopathological data showed a log-normal distribution, even when they satisfied normality tests. Moreover, the log-transformed pNGAL and pKIM-1 concentrations successfully identified CKD International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 1–4 and the risk group with underlying CKD risk factors. Correlation analysis and group comparison of other factors confirmed the possibility of using these two biomarkers for detecting the CKD risk group and IRIS stage 1. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the diagnostic accuracy for discriminating the risk group was superior in the order of pKIM-1, pNGAL, SDMA, and serum creatinine levels. In conclusion, these results suggest that pKIM-1 and pNGAL are possible early or quantifiable markers of insignificant CKD or can be at least used as an adjunct with traditional indicators.
利用血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质体蛋白和肾损伤分子-1对小型犬慢性肾病进行早期检测:一项回顾性试点研究
目前迫切需要多种诊断方法来识别早期肾脏疾病。目前已对多种分子进行了研究,但大多数研究都侧重于确定尿液中的特定生物标志物。考虑到评估血浆中对称二甲基精氨酸(SDMA)浓度更适合作为常规兽医实践中慢性肾脏病(CKD)的早期诊断测试,我们旨在研究血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质钙蛋白(pNGAL)和血浆肾损伤分子-1(pKIM-1)浓度对小型犬CKD检测的临床实用性。通过回顾性分析,我们发现许多临床病理数据呈现对数正态分布,即使这些数据符合正态性检验。此外,经对数变换的 pNGAL 和 pKIM-1 浓度还能成功鉴别出 CKD 国际肾脏兴趣协会(IRIS)1-4 期和具有潜在 CKD 危险因素的危险组。相关性分析和其他因素的分组比较证实了使用这两种生物标记物检测 CKD 风险组和 IRIS 1 期的可能性。接收者操作特征曲线分析表明,区分风险组的诊断准确性依次为 pKIM-1、pNGAL、SDMA 和血清肌酐水平。总之,这些结果表明,pKIM-1 和 pNGAL 可能是不显著 CKD 的早期或可量化标记物,或至少可作为传统指标的辅助指标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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