Hypothalamic neurons fully or partially expressing the dopaminergic phenotype: development, distribution, functioning and functional significance. A review

IF 6.5 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Michael V. Ugrumov
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The hypothalamus is a key link in neuroendocrine regulations, which are provided by neuropeptides and dopamine. Until the late 1980 s, it was believed that, along with peptidergic neurons, hypothalamus contained dopaminergic neurons. Over time, it has been shown that besides dopaminergic neurons expressing the dopamine transporter and dopamine-synthesizing enzymes − tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) − the hypothalamus contains neurons expressing only TH, only AADC, both enzymes or only dopamine transporter. The end secretory product of TH neurons is L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, while that of AADC neurons and bienzymatic neurons lacking the dopamine transporter is dopamine. During ontogenesis, especially in the perinatal period, monoenzymatic neurons predominate in the hypothalamic neuroendocrine centers. It is assumed that L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine are released into the neuropil, cerebral ventricles, and blood vessels, participating in the regulation of target cell differentiation in the perinatal period and the functioning of target cells in adulthood.

完全或部分表达多巴胺能表型的下丘脑神经元:分布、功能和功能意义。综述。
下丘脑是由神经肽和多巴胺调节神经内分泌的关键环节。直到 20 世纪 80 年代末,人们一直认为下丘脑中除了肽能神经元外,还有多巴胺能神经元。随着时间的推移,研究表明,除了表达多巴胺转运体和多巴胺合成酶--酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和芳香族 L-氨基酸脱羧酶(AADC)--的多巴胺能神经元外,下丘脑还含有只表达 TH、只表达 AADC、两种酶或只表达多巴胺转运体的神经元。TH 神经元的最终分泌物是 L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸,而 AADC 神经元和缺乏多巴胺转运体的生物酶神经元的最终分泌物是多巴胺。在胚胎发育过程中,尤其是在围产期,单酶神经元在下丘脑神经内分泌中枢中占主导地位。据推测,L-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸和多巴胺被释放到神经膜、脑室和血管中,参与调节围产期靶细胞的分化和成年期靶细胞的功能。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
6.80%
发文量
62
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (FIN) publishes a wide range of informative articles including comprehensive reviews, systematic reviews, opinion pieces, and meta-analyses. While the majority of reviews are invited, we also embrace unsolicited reviews and meta-analyses, as well as proposals for thematic special issues, provided they meet our rigorous quality standards. In addition, we encourage authors to submit commentaries that concisely present fresh ideas or offer further analysis to delve deeper into the implications of an article published in our journal.
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