Neurobiological and psychological factors to depression.

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
Malini Turner
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common condition with complex psychological and biological background. While its aetiology is still unclear, chronic stress stands amongst major risk factors to MDD pathogenesis. When researching on MDD, it is necessary to be familiar with the neurobiological effects of several prominent contributors to the chronic stress factor experienced across hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotransmission, immune system reflexivity, and genetic alterations. Bi-directional flow of MDD pathogenesis suggests that psychological factors produce biological effects. Here, a summary of how the MDD expresses its mechanisms of action across an overactive HPA axis, the negative impacts of reduced neurotransmitter functions, the inflammatory responses and their gene x environment interactions. This paper builds on these conceptual factors and their input towards the MDD symptomatology with a purpose of synthesising the current findings and create an integrated view of the MDD pathogenesis. Finally, relevant treatment implications will be summarised, along with recommendations to a multimodal clinical practice.

抑郁症的神经生物学和心理学因素。
重度抑郁症(MDD)是一种常见疾病,具有复杂的心理和生物学背景。虽然其病因尚不清楚,但慢性压力是导致重度抑郁症发病的主要风险因素之一。在对 MDD 进行研究时,有必要熟悉慢性压力因素在下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴、神经递质、免疫系统反射和遗传改变等方面的神经生物学效应。MDD 发病机制的双向流动表明,心理因素会产生生物效应。本文总结了 MDD 如何通过过度活跃的 HPA 轴、神经递质功能降低的负面影响、炎症反应及其基因与环境的相互作用来表达其作用机制。本文以这些概念性因素及其对 MDD 症状学的影响为基础,旨在综合目前的研究结果,并对 MDD 的发病机理形成一个完整的观点。最后,本文将总结相关的治疗意义,并对多模式临床实践提出建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
3.30%
发文量
42
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice provides an international forum for communication among health professionals with clinical, academic and research interests in psychiatry. The journal gives particular emphasis to papers that integrate the findings of academic research into realities of clinical practice. Focus on the practical aspects of managing and treating patients. Essential reading for the busy psychiatrist, trainee and interested physician. Includes original research papers, comprehensive review articles and short communications. Key words: Psychiatry, Neuropsychopharmacology, Mental health, Neuropsychiatry, Clinical Neurophysiology, Psychophysiology, Psychotherapy, Addiction, Schizophrenia, Depression, Bipolar Disorders and Anxiety.
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