Ionic Liquids as Extreme Pressure Additives for Bearing Steel Applications

IF 2.9 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Tribology Letters Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI:10.1007/s11249-024-01898-6

Mariana T. Donato, Pranjal Nautiyal, Jonas Deuermeier, Luís C. Branco, Benilde Saramago, Rogério Colaço, Robert W. Carpick

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Abstract

The protection of steel surfaces from wear under extreme pressure conditions is of major importance in several industries as it provides better performance and longer life of machinery. The motivation for this work was to study the lubrication of steel by ionic liquids (ILs), which have recently emerged as greener alternatives to commercial lubricants and additives. Three ILs based on sulfur-containing anions, used as 2-wt% additives in polyethylene glycol base oil (MW 200; PEG 200), were tested in the lubrication of ASTM 52100 bearing steel contacts in extreme pressure conditions (under mixed lubrication with a Hertzian pressure of 1.12 GPa) using a mini traction machine (MTM). Due to the poor resistance to corrosion of bearing steel, a semi-ester of succinic acid derivative corrosion inhibitor (Lanxess RC 4801) was added to the mixtures at a 1 wt% concentration. The ILs 1-hexyl-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C₆mim][TfO]) and 1-hexyl-4-picolinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C₆-4-pic][TfO]) revealed promising results in terms of surface protection of bearing steel. In contrast, 4-picolinium hydrogen sulfate ([4-picH][HSO₄]) as 2-wt% additive to PEG 200 + 1% RC 4801 did not show any improvement in wear performance compared to neat PEG 200 + 1% RC 4801. PEG 200 + 2% [C₆mim][TfO] + 1%RC 4801 allowed for a decrease in wear up to ~ 76% and PEG 200 + 2% [C₆-4-pic][TfO] + 1%RC 4801 up to ~ 46% when compared with neat PEG 200 + 1% RC 4801. Optical microscopy images suggest the formation of an adsorbed layer, which was further supported by chemical analysis via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data for [C₆mim][TfO].

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作为极压添加剂的离子液体在轴承钢中的应用

保护钢材表面在极压条件下免受磨损在多个行业中都具有重要意义，因为它可以提高机械的性能并延长其使用寿命。这项工作的动机是研究离子液体（IL）对钢材的润滑作用，离子液体最近已成为商用润滑剂和添加剂的绿色替代品。使用微型牵引机 (MTM) 测试了三种基于含硫阴离子的离子液体在极压条件下（赫兹压力为 1.12 GPa 的混合润滑条件下）对 ASTM 52100 轴承钢触点的润滑效果，这些离子液体在聚乙二醇基础油 (MW 200; PEG 200) 中作为 2-wt% 的添加剂使用。由于轴承钢的抗腐蚀性较差，因此在混合物中添加了浓度为 1 wt% 的半酯类琥珀酸衍生物缓蚀剂（朗盛 RC 4801）。1-hexyl-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C6mim][TfO])和 1-hexyl-4-picolinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C6-4-pic][TfO])这两种IL对轴承钢的表面保护效果很好。相反，与纯 PEG 200 + 1% RC 4801 相比，4-picolinium 氢硫酸盐（[4-picH][HSO4]）作为 PEG 200 + 1% RC 4801 的 2-wt% 添加剂并没有改善磨损性能。与纯 PEG 200 + 1% RC 4801 相比，PEG 200 + 2% [C6mim][TfO] + 1% RC 4801 可使磨损降低约 76%，PEG 200 + 2% [C6-4-pic][TfO] + 1% RC 4801 可使磨损降低约 46%。光学显微镜图像表明形成了吸附层，通过 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 数据对[C6mim][TfO]进行的化学分析进一步证实了这一点。

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来源期刊

Tribology Letters 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

9.40%

发文量

116

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.