Anion effects on the structure and stability of 3D domain-swapped cytochrome c dimer

Abstract

The structure and stability of proteins are affected by ions. We have previously reported that cytochrome c can form a 3D domain-swapped dimer. The structure of the cytochrome c domain-swapped dimer becomes more compact in the presence of kosmotropic anions, whereas the thermal stability of the dimer decreased with addition of chaotropic anions based on the Hofmeister series. Dimers were formed by incubating cytochrome c at 50 °C in the presence of citrate ions.