Epigenetic regulation of HERVs: Implications for cancer immunotherapy.

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1007/s13258-024-01546-2

Joo Mi Yi

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Abstract

Background: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), integrated into the human genome during primate evolution, constitute approximately 8% of the human genome. Although most HERVs are non-protein-coding owing to mutations, insertions, deletions, and truncations, recent research has revealed their diverse roles in biological processes, including disease pathogenesis.

Objective: Although many HERVs remain inactive, they have been implicated in various diseases, particularly cancer, prompting an increased interest in harnessing HERVs for therapeutic purposes. This review explores the recent advancements in our understanding of the biological roles of HERVs, emphasizing their clinical relevance in cancer treatment.

Methods: Here, we discuss how the detection of transposable elements (TEs), including HERVs, by the immune system triggers innate immune responses in human cancers.

Conclusion: Additionally, we outline recent progress in elucidating the implications of HERV activation in cancer and how targeting HERVs holds promise for anti-cancer treatments by modulating epigenetic plasticity and disrupting cancer initiation and progression.

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HERVs 的表观遗传调控：对癌症免疫疗法的影响。

背景：人类内源性逆转录病毒（HERVs）在灵长类进化过程中整合到人类基因组中，约占人类基因组的 8%。尽管由于突变、插入、缺失和截断等原因，大多数 HERVs 都是非蛋白编码的，但最近的研究揭示了它们在生物过程（包括疾病发病机制）中的多种作用：尽管许多 HERVs 仍处于非活性状态，但它们与各种疾病，尤其是癌症有关联，这促使人们对利用 HERVs 进行治疗的兴趣与日俱增。方法：在此，我们讨论了免疫系统检测包括 HERVs 在内的转座元件 (TE) 如何在人类癌症中引发先天性免疫反应：此外，我们还概述了在阐明 HERV 激活对癌症的影响方面取得的最新进展，以及靶向 HERV 如何通过调节表观遗传可塑性和破坏癌症的发生和发展为抗癌治疗带来希望。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.