Sustainable synthesis of nitrogen-rich aromatics from chitin: Opportunities and challenges

IF 9.3 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI:10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100961

Nicholas Bossons, Rafael F.A. Gomes

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Abstract

The landscape of chemical production has undergone a paradigm shift towards sustainability, emphasizing catalytic procedures, renewable raw materials, and green chemistry principles. Chitin, the second most abundant global biomass, offers opportunities for synthesizing nitrogen-rich aromatics, crucial for reducing the reliance on energy-intensive nitrogen sources like ammonia. This review outlines the most recent advances in methodologies for preparing nitrogen-rich furans, focusing on 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF), dihydroxyethyl acetamidofuran (diHAF), 3-acetamido-5-formylfuran (3A5FF), and 3-acetamidofuran (3AF) from N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) dehydration. In addition, the review encompasses other aromatic commodities currently obtained from chitin, either by derivatization of the aforementioned furans, by deacetylation-dimerization, or other strategies. Although challenges in scaling up, product stability, and low yields persist, these furans hold promise as sustainable synthons, driving innovations in chemical synthesis.

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从甲壳素中可持续合成富氮芳烃：机遇与挑战

化学生产的格局已发生了范式转变，转向可持续发展，强调催化程序、可再生原料和绿色化学原理。甲壳素是全球第二丰富的生物质，为合成富氮芳烃提供了机会，这对于减少对氨等能源密集型氮源的依赖至关重要。本综述概述了制备富氮呋喃方法的最新进展，重点介绍了从 N-乙酰葡糖胺（NAG）脱水制备 3-乙酰氨基-5-乙酰基呋喃（3A5AF）、二羟乙基乙酰氨基呋喃（diHAF）、3-乙酰氨基-5-甲酰基呋喃（3A5FF）和 3-乙酰氨基呋喃（3AF）。此外，本综述还包括目前通过上述呋喃的衍生化、脱乙酰基二聚化或其他策略从甲壳素中获得的其他芳香族商品。尽管这些呋喃在规模扩大、产品稳定性和低产率方面仍存在挑战，但它们有望成为可持续的合成物，推动化学合成的创新。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry Chemical Engineering-Catalysis

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

2.20%

发文量

140

审稿时长

103 days

期刊介绍： The Current Opinion journals address the challenge specialists face in keeping up with the expanding information in their fields. In Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, experts present views on recent advances in a clear and readable form. The journal also provides evaluations of the most noteworthy papers, annotated by experts, from the extensive pool of original publications in Green and Sustainable Chemistry.