{"title":"DRU-HVDC for offshore wind power transmission: A review","authors":"Lujie Yu, Ziyu Fu, Rui Li, Jiebei Zhu","doi":"10.1049/rpg2.13045","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) calls for economical and reliable power transmission technology. This review paper focuses on the diode-rectifier-unit based high voltage direct current (DRU-HVDC) transmission systems. The main technical features of DRU-HVDC are highlighted and the comparisons with MMC-HVDC and LCC-HVDC are conducted. Considering the uncontrollability of DRU and the necessity of offshore wind turbines (WTs) to establish offshore network, the existing decentralized and centralized control strategies are reviewed in detail. For the fully-grid-forming converter, the operation principle of the <i>P</i>–<i>V</i> and <i>Q</i>–<i>f</i> power control is explained from the OWF-DRU level and the WT level, respectively. For the partial-grid-forming converter, why the voltage control loop can be eliminated is analysed. Focusing on the start-up issue caused by the unidirectional-power-flow characteristic of DRU, several start-up solutions are reviewed, including medium voltage alternative current (MVAC) umbilical cable, auxiliary MMC, energy storage for WTs, auxiliary low voltage DC cable. Then considering different fault locations, the fault characteristic and protection of the DRU-HVDC system is presented, including the offshore AC faults, DRU faults, HVDC faults and onshore AC faults. Finally, the future research topics worth exploring for DRU-HVDC system are identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":55000,"journal":{"name":"IET Renewable Power Generation","volume":"18 13","pages":"2080-2101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.13045","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IET Renewable Power Generation","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/rpg2.13045","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The rapid development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) calls for economical and reliable power transmission technology. This review paper focuses on the diode-rectifier-unit based high voltage direct current (DRU-HVDC) transmission systems. The main technical features of DRU-HVDC are highlighted and the comparisons with MMC-HVDC and LCC-HVDC are conducted. Considering the uncontrollability of DRU and the necessity of offshore wind turbines (WTs) to establish offshore network, the existing decentralized and centralized control strategies are reviewed in detail. For the fully-grid-forming converter, the operation principle of the P–V and Q–f power control is explained from the OWF-DRU level and the WT level, respectively. For the partial-grid-forming converter, why the voltage control loop can be eliminated is analysed. Focusing on the start-up issue caused by the unidirectional-power-flow characteristic of DRU, several start-up solutions are reviewed, including medium voltage alternative current (MVAC) umbilical cable, auxiliary MMC, energy storage for WTs, auxiliary low voltage DC cable. Then considering different fault locations, the fault characteristic and protection of the DRU-HVDC system is presented, including the offshore AC faults, DRU faults, HVDC faults and onshore AC faults. Finally, the future research topics worth exploring for DRU-HVDC system are identified.
期刊介绍：
IET Renewable Power Generation (RPG) brings together the topics of renewable energy technology, power generation and systems integration, with techno-economic issues. All renewable energy generation technologies are within the scope of the journal.
Specific technology areas covered by the journal include:
Wind power technology and systems
Photovoltaics
Solar thermal power generation
Geothermal energy
Fuel cells
Wave power
Marine current energy
Biomass conversion and power generation
What differentiates RPG from technology specific journals is a concern with power generation and how the characteristics of the different renewable sources affect electrical power conversion, including power electronic design, integration in to power systems, and techno-economic issues. Other technologies that have a direct role in sustainable power generation such as fuel cells and energy storage are also covered, as are system control approaches such as demand side management, which facilitate the integration of renewable sources into power systems, both large and small.
The journal provides a forum for the presentation of new research, development and applications of renewable power generation. Demonstrations and experimentally based research are particularly valued, and modelling studies should as far as possible be validated so as to give confidence that the models are representative of real-world behavior. Research that explores issues where the characteristics of the renewable energy source and their control impact on the power conversion is welcome. Papers covering the wider areas of power system control and operation, including scheduling and protection that are central to the challenge of renewable power integration are particularly encouraged.
The journal is technology focused covering design, demonstration, modelling and analysis, but papers covering techno-economic issues are also of interest. Papers presenting new modelling and theory are welcome but this must be relevant to real power systems and power generation. Most papers are expected to include significant novelty of approach or application that has general applicability, and where appropriate include experimental results. Critical reviews of relevant topics are also invited and these would be expected to be comprehensive and fully referenced.
Current Special Issue. Call for papers:
Power Quality and Protection in Renewable Energy Systems and Microgrids - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_RPG_CFP_PQPRESM.pdf
Energy and Rail/Road Transportation Integrated Development - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_RPG_CFP_ERTID.pdf
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