CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: FROM PAST TO FUTURE-A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES

Abstract

Lymphatic system cancers include Hodgkin lymphoma. The immune system's role in warding off sickness and germs consists of the lymphatic system. Hodgkin lymphoma develops when normally functioning lymphatic cells transform and proliferate uncontrollably. The annual incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma is two to three cases per one hundred thousand individuals. Nodular lymphocyte predominance (NLPHL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are the two subtypes of Hodgkin lymphoma that are distinguished based on immunohistochemically and visual characteristics. Upon first diagnosis, the majority of individuals with Hodgkin's lymphoma will have supradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy. Inguinal lymph node involvement is infrequent, however, patients commonly report lymph node involvement in the neck, anterior mediastinal, supraclavicular, and axillary areas. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the fundamental components of treatment for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), although in certain instances of slow-growing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, monitoring may be considered a viable approach. KEYWORDS: Hodgkin lymphoma, Epstein-Barr virus, Nodular lymphocyte predominance, Immunotherapy, Graft-versus-host disease.