Quantification of cresols in liquid smoke samples employing liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Abstract

Liquid smoke is a food additive and cresols are among its chemical constituents, potentially toxic to human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a method to quantify cresols in liquid smoke. First, the liquid-liquid extraction with low temperature purification (LLE-LTP) was validated for cresols in water, as there are no cresol-free liquid smoke samples. Analyzes were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in full scan mode. LLE-LTP was subsequently applied in five commercial samples of liquid smoke. Validation results showed that the proposed extraction method was selective for cresols, linear in the range of 0.5 to 35 mg L^-1, limit of quantification of 0.5 mg L^-1, recovery rate between 90% and 104% and relative standard deviation lower than 10%. The quantification of cresols in liquid smoke samples ranged from 3.0 to 38.3 mg L^-1 and the concentration of these chemical contaminants in liquid smoke remained constant for at least 21 days at 25 °C.