Head Impact, Concussion, and Salary in the NFL: Is There a Compensating Wage-Risk Premium?

IF 2.3 2区文学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.1177/00027642241260774

Bhavneet Walia, Arthur Owora, Brittany Kmush, Justin Ehrlich, Shane Sanders

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sport epidemiological studies have estimated cumulative head impact and concussion rates by American football position group. Meanwhile, the sports economics literature has examined National football league (NFL) player-salary variation, and sports statisticians have studied NFL player productivity. Merging novel data and methodologies, we estimate whether players in position-groups with higher head impact or concussion risk are paid a compensating next-contract salary premium controlling for NFL experience, contract year, and productivity. For 2006 to 2017 NFL seasons, we consider all 1,162 fully observed player contracts and all 290 fully observed, non-rookie player contracts. Specifying two sets of contract-length frequency-weighted, contract-year (of signing) fixed effects linear regressions, we find robust evidence that players receive lagged, next-contract compensation for additional on-field productivity and experience. However, position groups with higher estimated cumulative head impact and, alternatively, higher estimated concussion rate are paid a significant and substantial next-contract dispremium. Results are consistent with an augmented compensating salary-differential theory, in which firm and employee share risk.

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美国国家橄榄球联盟中的头部撞击、脑震荡和薪水：是否存在补偿性工资风险溢价？

体育流行病学研究对美式橄榄球位置组的累积头部撞击和脑震荡发生率进行了估算。同时，体育经济学文献研究了美国国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）球员工资的变化，体育统计学家研究了 NFL 球员的生产率。结合新颖的数据和方法，我们估算了头部撞击或脑震荡风险较高的位置组球员是否会获得补偿性的下一份合同薪资溢价，并对 NFL 经验、合同年份和生产率进行了控制。在 2006 年至 2017 年的 NFL 赛季中，我们考虑了所有 1,162 份完全观察到的球员合同和所有 290 份完全观察到的非新秀球员合同。通过两组合同长度频率加权、合同年份（签约年份）固定效应线性回归，我们发现了球员因额外的场上生产率和经验而获得滞后的下一份合同补偿的有力证据。然而，估计累积头部撞击力较高的位置组，或者估计脑震荡发生率较高的位置组，在下一份合同中会获得显著的、可观的补偿。结果与增强补偿工资差异理论一致，即公司和员工共同承担风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Behavioral Scientist Multiple-

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

190

期刊介绍： American Behavioral Scientist has been a valuable source of information for scholars, researchers, professionals, and students, providing in-depth perspectives on intriguing contemporary topics throughout the social and behavioral sciences. Each issue offers comprehensive analysis of a single topic, examining such important and diverse arenas as sociology, international and U.S. politics, behavioral sciences, communication and media, economics, education, ethnic and racial studies, terrorism, and public service. The journal"s interdisciplinary approach stimulates creativity and occasionally, controversy within the emerging frontiers of the social sciences, exploring the critical issues that affect our world and challenge our thinking.