Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus outbreak in cattle: the knowns and unknowns

IF 69.2 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
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引用次数: 0
牛群中爆发的高致病性 H5N1 禽流感病毒:已知与未知
高致病性禽流感(HPAI)病毒偶尔也会感染人类,而且往往造成严重后果。因此,奶牛感染高致病性禽流感的报告以及美国在牛乳中检测到高滴度病毒的情况令人担忧。自 1997 年出现以来,A/鹅/广东/1/1996(H5N1)系高致病性禽流感病毒(高致病性禽流感 H5 病毒)给了我们许多教训:1.从历史上看,高致病性禽流感病毒的爆发仅限于陆生家禽,许多国家通过扑杀受感染的禽群控制疫情。然而,高致病性禽流感 H5 病毒开始在鹅形目野生水鸟(即鸭、鹅和天鹅,甲型禽流感病毒的主要储存库)中流行。这些病毒已在沙鸥目(即海鸥、燕鸥和海岸鸟类)物种中引起多次爆发,近年来,越来越多的猛禽和近禽也感染了这些病毒。在宿主范围扩大的同时,高致病性禽流感 H5 病毒也在几大洲蔓延。2.甲型禽流感病毒在其自然储库中通常是良性的,但在鹅形目和鸻形目物种中爆发的几起高致病性禽流感 H5 病毒疫情造成了受感染鸟类的大量死亡。3. 以前,高致病性禽流感病毒很少感染哺乳动物,但最近,越来越多的哺乳动物感染了高致病性禽流感 H5 病毒,其中大多数是食腐动物和猎物1。虽然哺乳动物感染高致病性禽流感病毒仅限于单个动物,但最近有报告称大群哺乳动物感染了高致病性禽流感H5病毒,包括美国东北海岸的海豹、西班牙水貂养殖场的水貂和南美洲的海洋哺乳动物。在实验室环境中,一项研究发现水貂 H5 型高致病性禽流感病毒通过呼吸飞沫传播给暴露的雪貂;而在另一项使用不同水貂病毒分离物进行的研究中,未发现雪貂经呼吸飞沫传播。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Microbiology
Nature Reviews Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
74.00
自引率
0.50%
发文量
149
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: At Nature Reviews Microbiology, our goal is to become the leading source of reviews and commentaries for the scientific community we cater to. We are dedicated to publishing articles that are not only authoritative but also easily accessible, supplementing them with clear and concise figures, tables, and other visual aids. Our objective is to offer an unparalleled service to authors, referees, and readers, and we continuously strive to maximize the usefulness and impact of each article we publish. With a focus on Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments spanning the entire field of microbiology, our wide scope ensures that the work we feature reaches the widest possible audience.
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