{"title":"Impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children’s limbs: a 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis","authors":"Zi-fu Zhao, Bang-yan Li, Qin He, Jing-yu Hao, Kai-shuai Zhang, Bo Zhang, Wei Hu, Hao-tian Feng, Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto, Yu-ming Chen, Ge-xiang Zhang, Xin-yi Tang","doi":"10.1007/s11657-024-01422-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>\n <i>Summary</i>\n </h3><p>The impact of milk on bone health in rural preschoolers is under-researched. This study, through a clinical trial and a meta-analysis, finds that milk supplementation enhances forearm and calcaneus bone acquisition in children, supporting the benefits of daily milk consumption.</p><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study evaluated the impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children’s limbs through a cluster-randomized controlled trial and a meta-analysis.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The trial involved 315 children (4–6 year) from Northwest China, randomized to receive either 390 ml of milk daily (<i>n</i> = 215) or 20–30 g of bread (<i>n</i> = 100) over 12 months. We primarily assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) changes at the limbs, alongside bone-related biomarkers, measured at baseline, the 6th and 12th months. The meta-analysis aggregated BMD or BMC changes in the forearm/legs/calcaneus from published randomized trials involving children aged 3–18 years supplemented with dairy foods (vs. control group).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 278 completed the trial, intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant increases in BMD (4.05% and 7.31%) and BMC (4.69% and 7.34%) in the left forearm at the 6th and 12th months in the milk group compared to controls (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The calcaneus showed notable improvements in BMD (2.01%) and BMC (1.87%) at 6 months but not at 12 months. Additionally, milk supplementation was associated with beneficial changes in bone resorption markers, parathyroid hormone (− 12.70%), insulin-like growth factor 1 (6.69%), and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (2.22%) (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). The meta-analysis, encompassing 894 children, indicated that dairy supplementation significantly increased BMD (SMD, 0.629; 95%CI: 0.275, 0.983) and BMC (SMD, 0.616; 95%CI: 0.380, 0.851) (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the arms, but not in the legs (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Milk supplementation significantly improves bone health in children’s forearms, underscoring its potential as a strategic dietary intervention for bone development.</p><p>Trial registration</p><p>NCT05074836.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8283,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Osteoporosis","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archives of Osteoporosis","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11657-024-01422-2","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Summary
The impact of milk on bone health in rural preschoolers is under-researched. This study, through a clinical trial and a meta-analysis, finds that milk supplementation enhances forearm and calcaneus bone acquisition in children, supporting the benefits of daily milk consumption.
Purpose
This study evaluated the impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children’s limbs through a cluster-randomized controlled trial and a meta-analysis.
Methods
The trial involved 315 children (4–6 year) from Northwest China, randomized to receive either 390 ml of milk daily (n = 215) or 20–30 g of bread (n = 100) over 12 months. We primarily assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) changes at the limbs, alongside bone-related biomarkers, measured at baseline, the 6th and 12th months. The meta-analysis aggregated BMD or BMC changes in the forearm/legs/calcaneus from published randomized trials involving children aged 3–18 years supplemented with dairy foods (vs. control group).
Results
Of 278 completed the trial, intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant increases in BMD (4.05% and 7.31%) and BMC (4.69% and 7.34%) in the left forearm at the 6th and 12th months in the milk group compared to controls (P < 0.001). The calcaneus showed notable improvements in BMD (2.01%) and BMC (1.87%) at 6 months but not at 12 months. Additionally, milk supplementation was associated with beneficial changes in bone resorption markers, parathyroid hormone (− 12.70%), insulin-like growth factor 1 (6.69%), and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (2.22%) (all P < 0.05). The meta-analysis, encompassing 894 children, indicated that dairy supplementation significantly increased BMD (SMD, 0.629; 95%CI: 0.275, 0.983) and BMC (SMD, 0.616; 95%CI: 0.380, 0.851) (P < 0.05) in the arms, but not in the legs (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Milk supplementation significantly improves bone health in children’s forearms, underscoring its potential as a strategic dietary intervention for bone development.
期刊介绍：
Archives of Osteoporosis is an international multidisciplinary journal which is a joint initiative of the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. The journal will highlight the specificities of different regions around the world concerning epidemiology, reference values for bone density and bone metabolism, as well as clinical aspects of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
