Effects of tree and shrub species on soil quality, sediment detachment capacity caused by rills and surface slope stability in forest lands of Northern Iran

IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Misagh Parhizkar
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Abstract

A root system is an important factor to increase soil resistance to detachment of soil particles. However, due to the large number of species, there is a need for studying the impacts of native plant species on soil quality and soil erodibility. This investigation did flume experiments at various soil slopes (9.2%, 18.1%, 25.1%, and 32.5%) and different water flow rates (0.56, 0.67, 0.74, 0.81, and 0.94 L/(m·s)), to evaluate sediment detachment capacity caused by rills (Dc) and rill erodibility (Kr) as well as the soil quality of hillslopes with three common species including Carpinus betulus (as a natural tree species), Alnus glutinosa (as a planted tree species) and Mespilus germanica (as a shrub species) in forestland of northern Iran. The variability of Dc has been associated with soil properties and root characteristics of Carpinus betulus. Dc was significantly lower (average, −45%) for soils under Carpinus betulus compared to soils with the two other plant species (p < 0.01). This was due to the higher values of soil properties including medium weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) as well as to the more extended root system, as confirmed by the negative correlations between Dc and the studied variables. Kr also was different among the studied soils and plant species. The root system of Carpinus betulus also played a useful role for increasing soil resistance to rill erosion yielding a safety factor (1.61) in the studied forest ecosystem. Overall, the current study supports a broader use of native species (such as Carpinus betulus) in areas exposed to surface erosion and instability, as an effective eco-engineering conservation technique and an alternative technology instead of utilizing artificial and expensive management practices.

Abstract Image

乔木和灌木物种对伊朗北部林地的土壤质量、溪流造成的沉积物脱落能力和地表斜坡稳定性的影响
根系是提高土壤抗土壤颗粒脱离能力的重要因素。然而,由于物种众多,有必要研究本地植物物种对土壤质量和土壤侵蚀性的影响。这项调查在不同的土壤坡度(9.2%、18.1%、25.1% 和 32.5%)和不同的水流速度(0.56、0.67、0.74、0.81 和 0.在伊朗北部的林地中,有三种常见树种,包括天然树种桦树(Carpinus betulus)、人工种植树种桤木(Alnus glutinosa)和灌木树种格尔木(Mespilus germanica),采用不同的水流速度(0.56、0.67、0.74、0.81 和 0.94 升/(米-秒))来评估碾压造成的沉积物剥离能力(Dc)和碾压侵蚀能力(Kr)以及山坡的土壤质量。Dc 的变化与土壤特性和槟榔树的根部特征有关。与其他两个植物物种的土壤相比,槟榔树下土壤的 Dc 明显较低(平均 -45%)(p < 0.01)。这是因为土壤性质的数值较高,包括土壤团聚体的中等重量直径(MWD)、有机碳(OC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg),以及根系更发达,Dc 与研究变量之间的负相关也证实了这一点。所研究的土壤和植物物种之间的 Kr 值也有所不同。在所研究的森林生态系统中,槟榔树的根系还在提高土壤抗径流侵蚀能力方面发挥了有益的作用,产生了安全系数(1.61)。总之,目前的研究支持在遭受地表侵蚀和不稳定的地区更广泛地使用本地物种(如桉树),将其作为一种有效的生态工程保护技术和替代技术,而不是使用人工和昂贵的管理方法。
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来源期刊
International Journal of Sediment Research
International Journal of Sediment Research 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
88
审稿时长
74 days
期刊介绍: International Journal of Sediment Research, the Official Journal of The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research, publishes scientific and technical papers on all aspects of erosion and sedimentation interpreted in its widest sense. The subject matter is to include not only the mechanics of sediment transport and fluvial processes, but also what is related to geography, geomorphology, soil erosion, watershed management, sedimentology, environmental and ecological impacts of sedimentation, social and economical effects of sedimentation and its assessment, etc. Special attention is paid to engineering problems related to sedimentation and erosion.
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