Evaluating the validity of eye-tracking tasks and stimuli in detecting high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism: A meta-analysis

IF 13.7 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical Psychology Review Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102466

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Abstract

Gaze abnormalities are well documented in infants at elevated risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, variations in experimental design and stimuli across studies have led to mixed results. The current meta-analysis aimed to identify which type of eye tracking task and stimulus are most effective at differentiating high-risk infants (siblings of children with ASD) who later meet diagnosis criteria from low-risk infants without familial autism. We synthesized 35 studies that used eye tracking to investigate gaze behavior in infants at high genetic risk for autism before 2 years of age. We found that stimulus features, regions of interest (ROIs) and study quality moderated effect sizes across studies. Overall, dynamic stimuli and socially-relevant regions in the social stimuli (i.e. the target and activity of characters' shared focus) reliably detected high-risk infants who later develop ASD. Attention disengagement task and stimuli depicting interactions between human and nonhuman characters could identify high-risk infants who later develop ASD and those who have autism-related symptoms but do not meet the diagnostic criteria as well. These findings provide sensitive and reliable early markers of ASD, which is helpful to develop objective and quantitative early autism screening and intervention tools.

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评估眼动追踪任务和刺激物在检测后来被诊断为自闭症的高危婴儿方面的有效性：荟萃分析

在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）高风险婴儿中，凝视异常是有据可查的。然而，不同研究在实验设计和刺激方面的差异导致了结果的不一致。目前的荟萃分析旨在确定哪种类型的眼动跟踪任务和刺激能最有效地将日后符合诊断标准的高风险婴儿（患有 ASD 儿童的兄弟姐妹）与无家族性自闭症的低风险婴儿区分开来。我们综合了 35 项研究，这些研究利用眼动追踪技术调查了 2 岁前自闭症高遗传风险婴儿的注视行为。我们发现，刺激特征、感兴趣区（ROIs）和研究质量调节了不同研究的效应大小。总体而言，动态刺激和社会刺激中的社会相关区域（即人物共同关注的目标和活动）能可靠地检测出后来患上自闭症的高风险婴儿。注意力分离任务和描绘人类与非人类角色之间互动的刺激物可以识别出日后发展为自闭症的高危婴儿，以及那些有自闭症相关症状但不符合诊断标准的婴儿。这些发现提供了敏感可靠的自闭症早期标记，有助于开发客观定量的早期自闭症筛查和干预工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Psychology Review PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

23.10

自引率

1.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： Clinical Psychology Review serves as a platform for substantial reviews addressing pertinent topics in clinical psychology. Encompassing a spectrum of issues, from psychopathology to behavior therapy, cognition to cognitive therapies, behavioral medicine to community mental health, assessment, and child development, the journal seeks cutting-edge papers that significantly contribute to advancing the science and/or practice of clinical psychology. While maintaining a primary focus on topics directly related to clinical psychology, the journal occasionally features reviews on psychophysiology, learning therapy, experimental psychopathology, and social psychology, provided they demonstrate a clear connection to research or practice in clinical psychology. Integrative literature reviews and summaries of innovative ongoing clinical research programs find a place within its pages. However, reports on individual research studies and theoretical treatises or clinical guides lacking an empirical base are deemed inappropriate for publication.