Pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and chemomicroscopic evaluation of Physalis angulata (L)

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.57046/amsc6642

Zainab Arowolo, Mubarak Ameen, Edehia Owen-Obaseki, Ibrahim Gegele, Aliyu Adamu, Ruel Samuel, Jemilat Ibrahim, Teghtegh. F. Samoh

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Abstract

Background/Introduction: Since the start of civilization, human culture has used plants to treat illnesses. Many plant samples have been adulterated intentionally or unintentionally during processing or even misidentified during collection. This study aims at authenticating and standardizing of Physalis angulata by carrying out Pharmacognostic evaluation, HPLC and GCMS analysis. Methodology: The dried leaves of Physalis angulata was extracted with 70% ethanol. Phytochemical screening (qualitative and quantitative screening) analysis was carried out on the ethanolic leave extract using standard method, while the chemical compounds were established with HPLC-DAD and GCMS and Pharmacognostic evaluation was carried out on the powdered leave. Results and discussion: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the leave extract reveals the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloid, tannins and saponin while carbohydrate, glycosides and resins were absent. Quantitative phytochemical screening shows alkaloid present to be 2.4±0.4% and saponin 2±1.32%. HPLC analysis reveals the presence of quercetin, rutin, catechin and ferulic acid while GCMS reveals the presence of cyclohexene, Palmitic acid, 17-Octadecynoic acid, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and Phytol. Total Ash content is (15.23±0.43) %w/w with acid insoluble ash of (1.16 ±0.28) %w/w, water soluble ash of (8.13 ±0.32) %w/w, moisture content (5.67 ±0.14) %w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value of (5.76 ±0.40) %w/w and water-soluble extractive value of (10.96 ±0.35) %w/w. Chemomicroscopic evaluation indicate the presence of lignin, cellulose, tannins, starch, calcium oxalate, oils and protein. Microscopy, fluorescence and organoleptic analysis were also documented. Conclusion: From this study, the presence of valuable phytochemicals has been established from the plant, while HPLC and GCMS revealed the identities of these compounds. Thus, the physico chemical parameters established for Physalis angulata in this study falls within the range approved by WHO (1992) for crude plant and extract.

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Physalis angulata（L）的药理、植物化学和化学显微评价

背景/简介：自人类文明开始以来，人类文化一直使用植物来治疗疾病。许多植物样本在加工过程中被有意或无意地掺假，甚至在采集过程中被误认。本研究旨在通过进行药理评价、HPLC 和 GCMS 分析来鉴定 Physalis angulata 的真伪并使其标准化。研究方法：用 70% 的乙醇萃取 Physalis angulata 的干燥叶片。使用标准方法对乙醇提取物进行植物化学筛选（定性和定量筛选）分析，同时使用 HPLC-DAD 和 GCMS 确定化学成分，并对叶粉进行药理评价。结果与讨论树叶提取物的定性植物化学分析显示存在黄酮类、萜类、生物碱、鞣质和皂苷，而不含碳水化合物、苷类和树脂。定量植物化学筛选显示生物碱含量为 2.4±0.4%，皂苷含量为 2±1.32%。HPLC 分析显示存在槲皮素、芦丁、儿茶素和阿魏酸，而 GCMS 则显示存在环己烯、棕榈酸、17-十八碳炔酸、1,2-苯二甲酸和植物醇。总灰分含量为（15.23±0.43）%w/w，其中酸不溶性灰分含量为（1.16±0.28）%w/w，水溶性灰分含量为（8.13±0.32）%w/w，水分含量为（5.67±0.14）%w/w，醇溶性萃取值为（5.76±0.40）%w/w，水溶性萃取值为（10.96±0.35）%w/w。化学显微镜评估表明存在木质素、纤维素、单宁、淀粉、草酸钙、油脂和蛋白质。显微镜、荧光和感官分析也有记录。结论通过这项研究，确定了该植物中存在有价值的植物化学物质，而 HPLC 和 GCMS 则揭示了这些化合物的特性。因此，本研究确定的 Physalis angulata 物理化学参数符合世界卫生组织（1992 年）批准的粗植物和提取物的范围。

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Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science

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