Regional features of the frequency and dynamics of the prevalence of schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder and autism in children and adolescents in Russia (statistical data for 2021–2022)

Сибирский научный медицинский журнал Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.18699/ssmj20240321

L. Z. Attaeva, I. V. Makarov

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Abstract

Aim of the study was to analyze the frequency and dynamics of schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder and autism in children and adolescents in Moscow and in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) for 2021–2022 to determine the need for appropriate support measures for this population group. Material and methods. The dynamics of primary and general morbidity of mental diseases, including children and adolescents, as well as primary and general morbidity of schizophrenia (F20), schizotypal disorder (F21) and autism among children and adolescents in Moscow and in the KBR for 2021–2022, corresponding to the ICD-10 codes, are considered. Results and discussion. There is an increase in the overall incidence of mental illness in 2021 and 2022 both in Moscow (an increase of 8.4 %) and in the KBR (an increase of 0.3 %), of which among the child population (10.9 and 2.2 %, respectively). An enhancement of the primary incidence of mental illness in Moscow was revealed with an increase of 23.7 %, in the KBR with an increase of 1.1 %, among the child population corresponding values were 29.4 and 10.6 %. The overall incidence of schizophrenia decreased by 1.1 % in Moscow and by 0.5 % in the KBR, among the child population – by 1.3 and 21.3 %, respectively. The overall incidence of schizotypal disorder enhanced by 9.1 % in Moscow, by 8.1 % in the KBR, among the child population – by 7.9 and 0 %, respectively. A decrease in the primary incidence of schizophrenia was revealed by 0.1 % in Moscow, by 91 % in the KBR. Among the child population it increased by 25.6 % in Moscow and decreased by 100 % in the KBR, as well as number of newly diagnosed cases of schizophrenia. The primary incidence of schizotypal disorder rose by 34.1 % in Moscow, by 16.7 % in the KBR, among the child population it decreased by 1 % and hasn’t changed, respectively. It is possible to note an increase in the total incidence of autism in 2021–2022 both in Moscow (by 21.1 %) and in the KBR (by 9.4 %), while the number of newly diagnosed cases of autism in Moscow increased by 26.3 %, then in the CBD it decreased by 66.8 %. Conclusions. A diagnostic bias was revealed – a decrease in the number of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (F20) and a significant increase in the number of patients diagnosed with schizotypal disorder (F21). The statistical data obtained mainly indicate an improvement in the diagnosis of autism in childhood in Moscow and a decrease in the incidence of autism in the KBR.

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俄罗斯儿童和青少年精神分裂症、分裂型障碍和自闭症发病率的地区特点和动态变化（2021-2022 年统计数据）

本研究旨在分析 2021-2022 年莫斯科和卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔共和国（KBR）儿童和青少年患精神分裂症、分裂型障碍和自闭症的频率和动态，以确定是否需要为这一人群提供适当的支持措施。材料和方法研究了 2021-2022 年莫斯科和卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔共和国儿童和青少年（包括儿童和青少年）精神疾病的原发性和一般发病率，以及精神分裂症（F20）、精神分裂症（F21）和自闭症的原发性和一般发病率（与 ICD-10 代码相对应）。结果与讨论2021 年和 2022 年，莫斯科（增加 8.4%）和库尔德地区（增加 0.3%）的精神疾病总发病率都有所增加，其中儿童发病率分别为 10.9%和 2.2%。在莫斯科，精神疾病的主要发病率增加了 23.7%，在卡拉哈里地区增加了 1.1%，而在儿童人口中的相应数值分别为 29.4%和 10.6%。精神分裂症的总发病率在莫斯科下降了 1.1%，在库尔德地区下降了 0.5%，在儿童中分别下降了 1.3%和 21.3%。精神分裂症的总发病率在莫斯科增加了 9.1%，在库尔德地区增加了 8.1%，在儿童中分别增加了 7.9%和 0%。精神分裂症的主要发病率在莫斯科下降了 0.1%，在库尔德地区下降了 91%。在儿童人口中，莫斯科的精神分裂症发病率增加了 25.6%，而在库尔德地区则减少了 100%。精神分裂症的初次发病率在莫斯科上升了 34.1%，在库尔德地区上升了 16.7%，而在儿童中则分别下降了 1%和没有变化。可以看出，2021-2022 年自闭症的总发病率在莫斯科（上升 21.1%）和库尔德地区（上升 9.4%）都有所上升，而莫斯科新诊断的自闭症病例数上升了 26.3%，库尔德地区则下降了 66.8%。结论诊断结果显示存在偏差--被诊断为精神分裂症（F20）的患者人数减少，而被诊断为分裂型障碍（F21）的患者人数显著增加。获得的统计数据主要表明，莫斯科儿童自闭症的诊断率有所提高，KBR 的自闭症发病率有所下降。

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Сибирский научный медицинский журнал

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