Investigating the Actuation of Sidewall Sprinkler in an Atrium Using CFD Simulation

Abstract

This study investigates the actuation of sidewall sprinklers in large-scale buildings with high-ceilinged atriums, addressing the challenges of unique architectural configurations. Compliance with NFPA 101 requires automatic sprinkler systems, including atrium areas, in these buildings. To maintain aesthetic considerations, design engineers, particularly in the middle east, often propose sidewall sprinklers as an alternative to traditional ceiling sprinklers. This research assesses whether the sidewall sprinklers would actuate during a fire using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). The findings indicate that sidewall sprinklers will fail to actuate if the fire is located at the centre of the atrium, even if the edge of the fire area is below the sprinklers. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of using an FDS mesh resolution (D*/dx) of 6 or finer resolution when measuring temperatures near the flame or fire plume to ensure accurate evaluations of sprinkler activation. These findings provide valuable insights for design engineers and authorities, assisting in decision-making processes related to fire safety measures, system designs, and regulatory compliance.