The importance of bacterial fertilizers in the formation of the harvest of grain legumes

Lyudmila Eliseeva, Ivan Eliseev, Nadezhda Mihaylova
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Abstract

Abstract. One of the directions of modern agricultural production is the biologization of agriculture, which provides for a wider use of biological preparations and bacterial fertilizers. The use of bacterial fertilizers restores the fertility of the soil, contributes to increasing the yield and quality of agricultural products. The purpose of the study is to establish the effectiveness of the use of bacterial fertilizers in the cultivation of grain legumes. Methods. The research was carried out for three years, observations and records were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology of field experience. Results. The effectiveness of the application of top dressing with bacterial fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Fosfatovit” in the cultivation of grain legumes (soybeans, lentils) on light gray forest soils has been established. The use of “Fosfatovit” accelerated the ripening of soybeans for 4 days, lentils for 5 days, “Azotovit” influenced the formation of vegetative mass, increasing the number of leaves and the weight of the plant. An increase in the microbiological activity of the soil was noted when applying top dressing with bacterial fertilizers, the maximum value was obtained in variants with joint top dressing with “Azotovit” and “Fosfatovit”, in the experiment with soy, it averaged 72.1 %, in the experiment with lentils 81.5 %. The maximum increase in soybean yield was provided by fertilizing with “Fosfatovit” for an average of 3.97 t/ha over three years. Fertilizing with “Azotovit” and “Fosfatovit” had the greatest effect on lentils, in this variant the yield increased by 0.59 t/ha, or 32.4 % compared to the control. Top dressing with bacterial fertilizers contributed to an increase in crude protein and crude fat in soy and lentil grains. The scientific novelty of the research is to establish the effectiveness of the application of top dressing with bacterial fertilizers in the cultivation of soybeans and lentils in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic.
细菌肥料在谷物豆科植物丰收过程中的重要性
摘要现代农业生产的方向之一是农业生物化,即更广泛地使用生物制剂和细菌肥料。使用细菌肥料可以恢复土壤肥力,有助于提高农产品的产量和质量。本研究的目的是确定在种植谷物豆类时使用细菌肥料的有效性。研究方法研究为期三年,按照公认的田间经验方法进行观察和记录。结果。在浅灰色森林土壤上种植谷物豆类(大豆、扁豆)时施用 "Azotovit "和 "Fosfatovit "菌肥的有效性已经得到证实。使用 "Fosfatovit "后,大豆的成熟期延长了 4 天,小扁豆的成熟期延长了 5 天,"Azotovit "影响了植株的形成,增加了叶片数量和植株重量。在使用细菌肥料进行表层施肥时,土壤中的微生物活性有所提高,在联合使用 "Azotovit "和 "Fosfatovit "进行表层施肥的变体中微生物活性达到最高值,在大豆实验中平均微生物活性为 72.1%,在扁豆实验中平均微生物活性为 81.5%。使用 "Fosfatovit "施肥的大豆产量增幅最大,三年内平均每公顷增产 3.97 吨。使用 "Azotovit "和 "Fosfatovit "施肥对扁豆的影响最大,与对照相比,该变体的产量增加了 0.59 吨/公顷,即 32.4%。施用细菌肥料有助于提高大豆和扁豆谷物的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量。该研究的科学创新之处在于确定了在楚瓦什共和国条件下种植大豆和扁豆时施用细菌肥料的有效性。
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