Virtually Reconstructing Bernhard Heine’s Osteotome

Heritage Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI:10.3390/heritage7070178
John Larocco, Eric Zachariah
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Abstract

The osteotome was a hand-cranked medical chainsaw designed in 1830 by the German surgeon Bernhard Heine. Before Heine, surgeons used crude, manual tools, such as hammers, chisels, and handsaws. The osteotome was among the first mechanical tools used in orthopedic surgery, and it preceded the later use of the motorized chainsaw for woodcutting. Due to the small number of units manufactured, questions remain about the osteotome’s usage. To facilitate conservation and assist with investigation, Heine’s osteotome was digitally reconstructed. As with other digital reconstruction attempts in cultural heritage, assumptions were made to facilitate reproduction. To highlight the functional similarities and contrasts between early and contemporary tools, its parts were compared with contemporary chainsaws and surgical tools. Contemporary orthopedic surgeons have largely shifted away from medical chainsaws, such as the osteotome, in favor of reciprocating saws. Due to its small size and medical purpose, the osteotome was designed for greater precision than a modern industrial chainsaw. Based on the reproduction and comparative analysis, the device was likely used in a manner more similar to modern medical reciprocating saws than to its direct descendant, the industrial chainsaw. The Heine osteotome mechanized surgery and its descendants are still used in medicine and the industry. The osteotome model enabled an analysis of its function and use.
虚拟重建伯恩哈德-海涅的骨刀
截骨器是德国外科医生伯恩哈德-海涅于 1830 年设计的一种手摇医用链锯。在海涅之前,外科医生使用的是粗糙的手动工具,如锤子、凿子和手锯。截骨器是骨科手术中最早使用的机械工具之一,也是后来用于伐木的机动链锯的先驱。由于生产数量较少,人们对截骨器的用途仍存有疑问。为了便于保护和协助调查,我们对海涅的截骨器进行了数字重建。与文化遗产领域的其他数字重建尝试一样,为了便于复制,我们做了一些假设。为了突出早期工具和现代工具在功能上的异同,我们将其部件与现代电锯和外科工具进行了比较。当代骨科外科医生已基本放弃使用医用链锯(如截骨器),转而使用往复锯。由于其体积小和医疗用途,截骨器的设计比现代工业链锯更加精确。根据复制和比较分析,该装置的使用方式可能更类似于现代医用往复锯,而不是其直系后代工业链锯。海涅截骨器实现了机械化外科手术,其后代仍被用于医疗和工业领域。使用截骨器模型可以对其功能和用途进行分析。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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