Larger cities host richer bee faunas, but are no refuge for species with concerning conservation status: Empirical evidence from Western Europe

IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Arthur Fauviau , William Fiordaliso , Alessandro Fisogni , Laura Fortel , Frédéric Francis , Benoît Geslin , Nina Hautekèete , Charlène Heiniger , Olivier Lambert , Violette Le Feon , François Massol , Alice Michelot-Antalik , Denis Michez , Hugues Mouret , Grégoire Noël , Yves Piquot , Lise Ropars , Lucie Schurr , Colin Van Reeth , Vincent Zaninotto , Mickaël Henry
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In the context of worldwide biodiversity and wild bee decline, it is increasingly important to better understand the effect of land-use changes on wild bee communities at a global scale. To do so, we studied the effect of city area and urban green spaces layout on wild bee species richness and community composition, as well as on wild bee species with an unfavorable UICN conservation status. This study was based on a large European dataset encompassing 20 cities from France, Belgium and Switzerland. We found a mean wild bee species richness in cities of 96 ± 48 (SD), showing that this species richness was highly variable among cities. The main factor positively influencing wild bee species richness in cities was the area of the city. Conversely, species richness was not significantly related to the total area of urban green spaces in a given city, measured as the spatial extent of urban parks, wastelands and other semi-natural habitats, excluding urban private gardens. Species with conservation status were quite scarce in urban environments, especially when compared to the European Red List of Bees, and we could not link their presence to either city or urban green space area. Dissimilarities in wild bee species community compositions were not associated with any of the studied characteristics of cities. We found that the dissimilarity of wild bee community composition among cities was mainly driven by the rarest species, as the most common ones were found in a majority of the cities sampled. Overall, these results emphasize that larger cities host more wild bee species, but are no refuge for the ones with concerning conservation status. Thus, stakeholders are encouraged to design their cities in favor of biodiversity to better support wild bee communities, and perhaps mitigate the established effect of the urban ecological filter.

较大的城市拥有更丰富的蜜蜂动物群落,但对于那些保护状况令人担忧的物种来说,它们并不是避难所:来自西欧的经验证据
在全球生物多样性和野生蜜蜂数量下降的背景下,更好地了解土地利用变化对全球范围内野生蜜蜂群落的影响变得越来越重要。为此,我们研究了城市面积和城市绿地布局对野生蜂物种丰富度和群落组成的影响,以及对国际野生蜂联盟(UICN)保护状况不佳的野生蜂物种的影响。这项研究基于一个大型欧洲数据集,其中包括法国、比利时和瑞士的20个城市。我们发现,城市中野生蜜蜂物种丰富度的平均值为 96 ± 48(标准差),这表明不同城市之间的物种丰富度差异很大。对城市野生蜂物种丰富度产生积极影响的主要因素是城市面积。相反,物种丰富度与特定城市的城市绿地总面积没有明显关系,城市绿地总面积是指城市公园、荒地和其他半自然栖息地的空间范围,不包括城市私家花园。具有保护地位的物种在城市环境中相当稀少,尤其是与欧洲蜜蜂红色名录相比,我们无法将它们的存在与城市或城市绿地面积联系起来。野生蜜蜂物种群落组成的差异与所研究的任何城市特征都无关。我们发现,城市间野生蜜蜂群落组成的差异主要是由最稀有的物种造成的,因为大多数取样城市都有最常见的物种。总之,这些结果表明,大城市拥有更多的野生蜜蜂物种,但对于那些保护状况令人担忧的物种来说,大城市并不是它们的避难所。因此,鼓励利益相关者设计有利于生物多样性的城市,以更好地支持野生蜜蜂群落,或许还能减轻城市生态过滤器的既定影响。
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来源期刊
Basic and Applied Ecology
Basic and Applied Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
10.6 weeks
期刊介绍: Basic and Applied Ecology provides a forum in which significant advances and ideas can be rapidly communicated to a wide audience. Basic and Applied Ecology publishes original contributions, perspectives and reviews from all areas of basic and applied ecology. Ecologists from all countries are invited to publish ecological research of international interest in its pages. There is no bias with regard to taxon or geographical area.
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