The Impact of Ipsilateral Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Axillary Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Support as Bridge to Heart Transplantation

Abstract

Background

The axillary artery (AX) access for intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) as a bridge to heart transplant (HT) allows mobility while awaiting a suitable donor. As end-stage heart failure patients often have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) on the left side, the left AX approach may be avoided due to the perception of difficult access and proximity of two devices. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients bridged to HT with a left-sided AX IABP with or without ipsilateral ICDs.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed HT candidates at our institution supported by left-sided axillary IABP from November 2019 to February 2024, dividing them into two groups based on the presence (Group ICD, n = 48) or absence (Group No-ICD, N = 19) of an ipsilateral left-sided ICD. The exposure time was defined as the time from skin incision to the beginning of anastomoses of a Dacron graft.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 100% of the cohort, with median exposure times for AX access similar between groups (ICD, 12 [7.8, 18.2] vs. No ICD, 11 [7, 19] min; p = 0.75). The rate of procedural adverse events, such as significant access site bleeding and ipsilateral limb ischemia, did not significantly differ between both groups. Device malfunction rates were comparable (ICD, 29.2% vs. No ICD, 15.8%; p = 0.35). Posttransplant, in-hospital mortality, severe primary graft dysfunction, and stroke rates were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion

The presence of an ipsilateral left-sided ICD does not adversely impact the procedural efficacy, complication rates, or posttransplant outcomes of left-sided AX IABP insertion in HT candidates.