Population status and host fishes of the freshwater pearl mussel in the eastern part of the Onega Peninsula, Northern European Russia

Abstract

Four populations of freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera were studied at lower sections of three river basins of the eastern part of the Onega Peninsula, Northern European Russia: the Bol’shaya Syarta, the Ust’-Yaren’ga and the Lopshen’ga (including Kamenny Stream). One of the populations from the Lopshen’ga River was discovered for the first time. Here we present preliminary data on the population status of M. margaritifera, its host fishes and glochidia infestation in the studied river basins. Living juvenile mussels and fishes infested by glochidia were recorded only in two waterbodies, i.e., the Bol’shaya Syarta and Ust’-Yaren’ga rivers. The pearl mussel population from the Bol’shaya Syarta River seems to represent the most prosperous among studied ones. The average density of visible mussels was small in the lower section of the river, but the proportion of young mussels was rather high (33.1 %) and intensity of glochidia infection reached 865 glochidia per fish. The highest average density was recorded in the pearl mussel population from the Kamenny Stream, Lopshen’ga River basin. However, only one juvenile mussel and none of host fishes infested by glochidia were recorded in this watercourse that may indicate the population aging and decrease of reproduction. Morphological analyses revealed significant differences between four studied populations of M. margaritifera towards the shell convexity index (SCI) and shell elongation index (SEI). In all studied basins, salmonid fishes were also infested by other parasites, mainly flatworms and their cysts. This factor may negatively impact the salmonid host fish populations that require monitoring of the current situation. The data obtained and future studies will allow to develop a system for protecting and monitoring of populations of a rare species such as the freshwater pearl mussel M. margaritifera.