Systematic review of sustainable energy consumption from consumer behavior perspective

Abstract

This research offers a comprehensive view of the constructs of sustainable energy from the perspective of consumer behavior. It aims to identify the theories, consumption modes, and methods used, and to correlate the main contributions of selected primary studies. To this end, a systematic literature review was carried out, consisting of three main phases: planning, conducting, and reporting. The study adhered to the PICOC guidelines (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Context) to structure the review. A literature search across six databases led to the analysis of thirty-one primary studies. These studies were selected using the StArt tool, based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these criteria, a quality assessment was highlighted, evaluating four aspects: the alignment of the primary studies with the review and three aspects related to bibliometric data, including the publication venue and the number of citations. The results reveal that the concept of sustainable energy differs from renewable energy and is divided into two categories: renewable sources and functionalities. This study proposes five dimensions to categorize the constructs: environmental, technical, economic, social, and institutional. The theories that most influenced behavior in favor of sustainable energy include socio-psychological, cognitive, and normative beliefs. Future research should focus on the integration of technology and renewable energy sources to promote sustainable energy, ensuring its effective and economically viable operation, regardless of external factors. Understanding approaches, theories, and modalities related to sustainable energy consumption can contribute to the establishment of new strategies to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.