{"title":"Protein biomarkers for diagnosis of breast cancer","authors":"Emeka Eze Joshua Iweala , Doris Nnenna Amuji , Faith Chinasaokwu Nnaji","doi":"10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02308","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast cancer remains a major global health challenge, demanding better diagnostic tools. Traditional methods like mammography have limitations, highlighting the need for specific, non-invasive approaches. Protein biomarkers offer a promising avenue for early and accurate detection, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes and personalized treatment. This review explores key protein biomarkers, including Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2), and Cancer Antigen 27.29(CA27.29), focusing on the proteomic methodologies used in their discovery and validation. However, challenges exist, such as variability in biomarker expression and limitations in abundance, stability, and specificity, which hinder clinical use. The review discusses innovative strategies to overcome these challenges, emphasizing the importance of translating biomarker research into practical applications for personalized medicine in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. This exploration contributes to the evolving field of breast cancer diagnostics, paving the way for future discoveries and improved patient care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21690,"journal":{"name":"Scientific African","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227624002527/pdfft?md5=d0da004f5acfef0c3c2199de7ee4b7f7&pid=1-s2.0-S2468227624002527-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Scientific African","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227624002527","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a major global health challenge, demanding better diagnostic tools. Traditional methods like mammography have limitations, highlighting the need for specific, non-invasive approaches. Protein biomarkers offer a promising avenue for early and accurate detection, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes and personalized treatment. This review explores key protein biomarkers, including Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2), and Cancer Antigen 27.29(CA27.29), focusing on the proteomic methodologies used in their discovery and validation. However, challenges exist, such as variability in biomarker expression and limitations in abundance, stability, and specificity, which hinder clinical use. The review discusses innovative strategies to overcome these challenges, emphasizing the importance of translating biomarker research into practical applications for personalized medicine in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. This exploration contributes to the evolving field of breast cancer diagnostics, paving the way for future discoveries and improved patient care.
乳腺癌仍然是全球健康的一大挑战,需要更好的诊断工具。乳房 X 射线照相术等传统方法有其局限性,因此需要特定的非侵入性方法。蛋白质生物标志物为早期准确检测提供了一个前景广阔的途径,有可能改善患者的预后和个性化治疗。本综述探讨了主要的蛋白质生物标记物,包括雌激素受体(ER)、孕酮受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体 2(HER-2)和癌症抗原 27.29(CA27.29),重点介绍了发现和验证这些标记物时使用的蛋白质组学方法。然而,生物标记物的表达存在变异性,丰度、稳定性和特异性也有局限性,这些都阻碍了生物标记物的临床应用。这篇综述讨论了克服这些挑战的创新策略,强调了将生物标志物研究转化为乳腺癌诊断和治疗中个性化医疗的实际应用的重要性。这一探索有助于不断发展的乳腺癌诊断领域,为未来的发现和改善患者护理铺平道路。