Seroreactivity against Leptospira spp. differs between community cats and privately-owned cats in Hong Kong

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100851

Wing Yan Jacqueline Tam , Omid Nekouei , Francesca Rizzo , Lok See Tiffany Cheng , Yan Ru Choi , Megan Staples , Stefan Hobi , Jane Gray , Fiona Woodhouse , Patricia Yi Man Shuen , Ying Fei Chai , Julia A. Beatty , Vanessa R. Barrs

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of major One Health significance and public health impact globally, with a wide host range including mammals, cetaceans and herpetofauna. This study aimed to determine Leptospira seroprevalence, risk factors for seroreactivity and prevalence of urinary Leptospira shedding among domestic cats in Hong Kong.

Microagglutination testing of 22 Leptospira serovars from 20 serogroups was performed on 738 sera from outdoor free-roaming “community” cats (n = 391) and privately-owned (n = 347) cats. Urine from 268 community cats was tested for pathogenic Leptospira DNA by qPCR targeting lipL32. Potential risk factors associated with exposure were assessed using logistic regression.

Overall Leptospira seroprevalence was 9.35%. Of 14 serogroups detected, Javanica (4.3%), Djasiman (2.3%) and Australis (1.5%) were most common. Seroreactivity was significantly higher among community (13.3%) than privately-owned cats (4.9%; OR 2.98 [95% CI 1.68–5.25], P < 0.001), especially to Javanica (7.65% of community cats versus 0.58% of privately-owned cats (P < 0.001). Antibody titres to all serogroups ranged from 1:100 to 1:6400 (median 1:200) and were highest for Javanica (median 1:800).

Leptospira DNA was detected in urine from 12/268 community cats (4.48%; median load 6.42 × 10² copies/mL urine; range 1.40 × 10¹–9.63 × 10⁴). One in three seroreactive community cats with paired urine and blood samples had leptospiruria. After adjusting for source, none of breed, sex, neuter status, age, district rodent infestation rate, serum alanine transaminase or creatinine values were associated with seroreactivity.

Cats in Hong Kong are exposed to a diversity of Leptospira serogroups and can shed Leptospira silently in urine. The higher seroprevalence among outdoor free-roaming community cats highlights the importance of environmental drivers in leptospirosis transmission and risks of exposure for sympatric human populations. Gloves should be worn when handling feline urine to minimise the risk of zoonotic transmission from subclinically infected cats.

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香港社区猫与私人饲养猫对钩端螺旋体属血清反应性的差异

钩端螺旋体病是一种细菌性人畜共患病，在全球具有重大的 "一体健康 "意义和公共卫生影响，宿主范围广泛，包括哺乳动物、鲸类动物和爬行动物。这项研究旨在确定香港家猫的钩端螺旋体血清流行率、血清反应的风险因素以及尿液中钩端螺旋体脱落的流行率。研究人员对来自户外自由活动的 "社区 "猫（391 只）和私人饲养的猫（347 只）的 738 份血清进行了微凝集试验，检测了 20 个血清群中的 22 种钩端螺旋体血清。通过针对 lipL32 的 qPCR，对 268 只社区猫的尿液进行了致病性钩端螺旋体 DNA 检测。采用逻辑回归法评估了与暴露相关的潜在风险因素。在检测到的 14 个血清群中，爪哇血清群（4.3%）、贾西曼血清群（2.3%）和澳大利亚血清群（1.5%）最为常见。社区猫（13.3%）的血清反应性明显高于私人养猫（4.9%；OR 2.98 [95% CI 1.68-5.25]，P <0.001），尤其是对爪哇猫（社区猫为 7.65%，私人养猫为 0.58%，P <0.001）。在 12/268 只社区猫的尿液中检测到钩端螺旋体 DNA（4.48%；中位数为 6.42 × 102 拷贝/毫升尿液；范围为 1.40 × 101-9.63 × 104）。在尿液和血液样本配对的血清反应性社区猫中，每三只就有一只患有钩端螺旋体尿症。經調整來源後，貓的品種、性別、絕育狀況、年齡、地區鼠患率、血清丙氨酸轉氨酶或肌酸酐值均與血清反應無關。在户外自由活动的社区猫中，血清阳性反应率较高，这凸显了环境因素在钩端螺旋体病传播中的重要性，以及同域人类接触该病毒的风险。处理猫尿时应戴手套，以尽量减少亚临床感染猫的人畜共患传播风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

18 weeks

期刊介绍： One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.