Enhancing heat transfer on the free convection of conducting hybrid nanofluid through stretching/shrinking surface

Abstract

A study is carried out for the flow of a steady two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid through an exponentially expanding/shrinking surface under the influence of a magnetic field. Further, the impact of thermal buoyancy is also incorporated into the momentum equation. The model is developed using the rheological properties of hybrid nanofluid, such as viscosity, conductivity, specific heat, etc. that develop the physical significance of nanofluid. The principal equations for the motion are re-constructed to their dimensionless form by implementing similarity transformation and these are handled numerically using Runge–Kutta fourth-order. The crux of the problem is that the dual solution is obtained for the particular flow parameters. Further, the simulation is carried out by setting the characterising parameters, and their characteristics are explained briefly. The important outcomes of the study are: for the enhanced volume concentration the velocity profile enhances significantly in the case of the first solution and the impact is opposite in the case of the second solution.