Comprehensive Study on the Microstructural Characterization and Strengthening Mechanism of (α + β) Based Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy Processed Via Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

IF 3.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI:10.1007/s12540-024-01731-8

S. Bharathi, R. Karunanithi, M. Prashanth, M. Kamaraj, S. Sivasankaran

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Abstract

This study investigates the severe plastic deformation of Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy synthesized through mechanical alloying (MA, 0–120 h) and subsequently processed via spark plasma sintering (SPS, 50 MPa, 1050 °C, 6 min). Advanced characterization techniques such as XRD, optical microscopy, HRSEM, HRTEM, EDAX, and EBSD analysis were employed to analyze the powder and consolidated specimens, focusing on the grain microstructure and formation mechanisms during MA and SPS. Mechanical properties were evaluated through micro-hardness, nano-indentation, and compression tests. The SPS 120 h sample exhibited a fine-grained microstructure dominated by the α-Ti phase, with needle-shaped minor β-Ti phases, while the SPS blended sample (0 h) displayed coarse-grained phases. Processing via MA and SPS significantly influenced the material, rendering it suitable for medical and dental applications. It is confirmed that the 120 h milled nanocrystallite sample demonstrated higher strength, with a micro-hardness of 760 VHN and compressive strength of 905 MPa, compared to the initial blended sample (0 h) with a coarse grain, which exhibited a micro-hardness of 120 VHN and compressive strength of 874 MPa. The influence of various strengthening mechanisms, such as grain boundary strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and dislocation strengthening, were elucidated and correlated with the total strength of the material.

Graphical Abstract

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通过机械合金化和火花等离子烧结加工的 (α + β) 基 Ti-6Al-7Nb 合金的微结构表征和强化机理的综合研究

本研究探讨了通过机械合金化（MA，0-120 h）合成并随后通过火花等离子烧结（SPS，50 MPa，1050 °C，6 min）处理的 Ti-6Al-7Nb 合金的严重塑性变形。采用 XRD、光学显微镜、HRSEM、HRTEM、EDAX 和 EBSD 分析等先进表征技术分析粉末和固结试样，重点研究 MA 和 SPS 过程中的晶粒微观结构和形成机制。通过显微硬度、纳米压痕和压缩试验对力学性能进行了评估。SPS 120 h 样品显示出以 α-Ti 相为主的细粒度微观结构，并伴有针状的次要 β-Ti 相，而 SPS 混合样品（0 h）则显示出粗粒度相。通过 MA 和 SPS 加工对材料产生了重大影响，使其适用于医疗和牙科应用。经证实，与初始混合样品（0 h）的粗晶粒（微硬度为 120 VHN，抗压强度为 874 MPa）相比，120 h 研磨的纳米晶样品具有更高的强度，微硬度为 760 VHN，抗压强度为 905 MPa。阐明了晶界强化、固溶强化和位错强化等各种强化机制的影响，并将其与材料的总强度联系起来。

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来源期刊

Metals and Materials International 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

8.60%

发文量

197

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： Metals and Materials International publishes original papers and occasional critical reviews on all aspects of research and technology in materials engineering: physical metallurgy, materials science, and processing of metals and other materials. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationships among the processing, structure and properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical) of materials. Aspects of processing include the melting, casting, and fabrication with the thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling.