Association between metal exposures and periodontitis among U.S. adults: the potential mediating role of biological aging

IF 6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00949-y

Zhida Dai, Yingyin Fu, Yuxuan Tan, Xinyuan Yu, Yixi Cao, Yian Xia, Chunxia Jing, Chunlei Zhang

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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to investigate the associations between metal exposures and periodontitis among U.S. adults, as well as the mediated effect of biological aging.

Methods

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014, we explored the single and mixed impacts of metal exposures on periodontitis through adjusted weighted logistic regression, robust Poisson regression, restricted cubic spline regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression models. This study included 2,393 participants, with 46.9% experiencing periodontitis. Concentrations of nine urinary metals, including barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), thallium (Tl), tungsten (Tu), and uranium (Ur), were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In addition, we analyzed the association between metals and periodontitis, stratified by age, body mass index, gender, and smoking status. Mediation models were also applied to investigate the mediated effects of biological aging between metal exposures and periodontitis.

Results

Weighted logistic and robust Poisson regression identified positive associations between Cd, Pb and periodontitis (P < 0.05). BKMR analyses indicated that mixed metal exposures were significantly associated with periodontitis, particularly among smokers, second-hand smokers, and males, with Cd, Pb, Tl, and Ba contributing the most. Furthermore, subgroup analyses observed a modifying effect on the associations between urinary Cd, Pb and periodontitis in stratified gender and BMI subgroups in robust Poisson regression. Phenotype age was found to mediate the association between metals and periodontitis.

Conclusions

This study identified significant positive associations between metal exposures and periodontitis in the U.S. adults. In addition, the association between metal exposures and periodontitis could vary in different gender, BMI and smoking subgroups. These associations were likely partly mediated by biological aging, suggesting that metals may potentially increase the risk of periodontitis by promoting cell senescence and overall aging of the body.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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金属暴露与美国成年人牙周炎之间的关系：生物老化的潜在中介作用

背景本研究旨在调查美国成年人中金属暴露与牙周炎之间的关联，以及生物衰老的中介效应。方法利用 2009-2014 年美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）的数据，我们通过调整加权逻辑回归、稳健泊松回归、限制性三次样条回归和贝叶斯核机器回归模型，探讨了金属暴露对牙周炎的单一和混合影响。这项研究包括 2393 名参与者，其中 46.9% 的人患有牙周炎。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量了九种尿液金属的浓度，包括钡（Ba）、镉（Cd）、钴（Co）、铯（Cs）、钼（Mo）、铅（Pb）、铊（Tl）、钨（Tu）和铀（Ur）。此外，我们还根据年龄、体重指数、性别和吸烟状况，分析了金属与牙周炎之间的关联。结果加权逻辑回归和稳健泊松回归发现镉、铅与牙周炎之间存在正相关（P < 0.05）。BKMR分析表明，混合金属暴露与牙周炎显著相关，尤其是在吸烟者、二手烟使用者和男性中，其中镉、铅、碲和钡的影响最大。此外，亚组分析发现，在稳健的泊松回归中，尿镉、铅与牙周炎之间的关系在分层性别和体重指数亚组中具有调节作用。本研究发现，在美国成年人中，金属暴露与牙周炎之间存在显著的正相关关系。此外，在不同的性别、体重指数和吸烟亚组中，金属暴露与牙周炎之间的关联可能有所不同。这些关联可能部分是由生物老化介导的，这表明金属可能会通过促进细胞衰老和人体整体老化来增加牙周炎的风险。

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来源期刊

Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

1.70%

发文量

110

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.