Seed enhancements to improve direct-seeding outcomes for native grasses in mine restoration

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.3389/fevo.2024.1405649

Bianca Berto, Alison L. Ritchie, Todd E. Erickson

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Abstract

Seed-based restoration in dryland environments is commonly limited by low and sporadic rainfall, extreme temperatures, and degraded soils. These challenges are exacerbated in dryland mine restoration sites where species are seeded onto mine waste substrates due to limited availability of topsoil. Native grasses are focal dryland and mine restoration species, though the ability to deliver seeds to targeted sites presents further constraints to seed-based restoration due to complex seed morphology and site attributes. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) may help to mitigate environmental stressors and improving seed handling. In this study, SETs which promote seedling recruitment and/or address edaphic challenges while also improving seed morphology and handling were tested in four Australian native grasses (Cymbopogon ambiguus, C. obtectus, Eulalia aurea, and Eriachne obtusa). Flash flaming or acid digestion (depending on species), extruded seed pellets with or without the addition of topsoil, and flaming or acid digestion used in combination with extruded pellets (with or without topsoil) were evaluated on topsoil and mine waste substrates. Material treated with either flash flaming or acid digestion tended to produce similar maximum emergence (week 3), final emergence (week 14), and above-ground biomass (week 14) on both topsoil and mine waste when compared to the un-enhanced (‘control’) treatment. Extruded pellets enhanced emergence (maximum and final) on both soil types, though had no effect on biomass. Extruded pellets containing topsoil and/or when used in combination with flash flamed or acid digested florets, provided the most significant benefits to seedling emergence, particularly on mine waste soil. However, SETs were unable to mitigate the detrimental effects of mine waste substrates on seedling biomass. This study shows promise for improving seed-based restoration in post-mine and dryland environments using SETs, though also highlights potential limitations and the importance of understanding long-term (i.e., beyond emergence) plant recruitment outcomes in SET applications.

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在矿山恢复中改进直接播种本地草种效果的种子强化技术

旱地环境中以种子为基础的恢复通常受限于零星的低降雨量、极端的温度和退化的土壤。在旱地矿山恢复地点，由于表土供应有限，需要将物种播种到矿山废料基质上，这些挑战更加严峻。本土禾本科植物是旱地和矿山恢复的重点物种，但由于种子形态和地点属性复杂，将种子运送到目标地点的能力进一步制约了以种子为基础的恢复工作。种子强化技术（SET）可帮助减轻环境压力并改善种子处理。本研究在四种澳大利亚本地草种（Cymbopogon ambiguus、C. obtectus、Eulalia aurea 和 Eriachne obtusa）中测试了可促进幼苗吸收和/或应对环境挑战，同时还能改善种子形态和处理的种子强化技术。在表土和矿山废料基质上对闪焰或酸性消化（取决于物种）、添加或不添加表土的挤压种子颗粒、闪焰或酸性消化与挤压颗粒（添加或不添加表土）结合使用进行了评估。与未强化（"对照"）处理相比，在表土和矿山废料上使用闪焰或酸解处理的材料往往能产生相似的最大出苗率（第 3 周）、最终出苗率（第 14 周）和地上生物量（第 14 周）。挤压颗粒提高了两种土壤的出苗率（最高出苗率和最终出苗率），但对生物量没有影响。含有表土的挤压颗粒和/或与闪蒸或酸性消化小花结合使用时，对出苗有最显著的益处，尤其是在矿山废土上。然而，SET 无法减轻矿山废料基质对幼苗生物量的不利影响。这项研究表明，使用 SET 有希望改善矿山开采后和旱地环境中以种子为基础的恢复，但也强调了 SET 应用的潜在局限性以及了解长期（即出苗后）植物恢复结果的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

1143

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.

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