Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) ionic liquid for the sustainable and efficient production of α-hydroxyphosphonates

Abstract

Ionic liquids were known as eco-solvents/catalysts, encourages the clean hydrophosphonylation of aldehydes to produce structurally various α-hydroxyphosphonates in a well-organized and ecologically friendly manner. This study used tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) used to addition phosphite nucleophiles to aldehydes under neat condition, resulting in different α-hydroxyphosphonates that are essential components of the modern chemical industry. The current method produces targeted compounds from a wide range of aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes with various substitution. The current protocol has high impact because it allows for the formation of desired products in good yields. This catalyst is applicable for gram scale synthesis of the targeted product and without any additional energy (Microwave, ultrasonication, ball milling and thermal heating). Some reported methods used various external sources (mechano-chemical) for the synthesis of α-hydroxyphosphonates.