Atheists and Christians can be Discerned from their Faces

IF 1.2 3区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
G. Shane Pitts, Nicholas O. Rule
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Abstract

Whereas research has documented how atheists are perceived, none has considered their perceptibility. Atheists must first be identified as atheists in order to experience the stigma associated with them (i.e., as distrusted, disliked, and widely maligned). Although atheism is considered a concealable aspect of one’s identity, substantial research has found that a variety of ostensibly concealable attributes about a person are indeed legible from small and subtle cues. We merged these lines of inquiry here by considering the perceptibility of religious and spiritual (dis)belief. Studies 1A-1B showed that atheists could be reliably discerned from Christians based on brief glimpses of 100 standardized male faces. Experiment 2 replicated these results using female faces. Experiments 3 A-E then interrogated the facial features that support perceivers’ detection of atheism, showing that various parts of faces suffice for independently conveying atheism. Experiment 4 investigated and showed a potential mechanism for atheism detection – expressive suppression. Thus, across nine studies (N = 677), these data show robust evidence that atheists can be categorized from facial cues.

Abstract Image

无神论者和基督徒从面相就能辨别
虽然研究记录了无神论者是如何被感知的,但没有一项研究考虑过他们的可感知性。无神论者必须首先被认定为无神论者,才能感受到与之相关的耻辱(即不被信任、不被喜欢、被广泛诋毁)。虽然无神论被认为是一个人身份的可隐藏方面,但大量研究发现,一个人的各种表面上可隐藏的属性确实可以从细微的线索中看出来。在此,我们通过考虑宗教和精神(不)信仰的可感知性,将这些研究方向合并在一起。研究 1A-1B 表明,根据对 100 张标准化男性面孔的短暂观察,无神论者和基督徒可以被可靠地分辨出来。实验 2 使用女性面孔复制了这些结果。然后,实验 3 A-E 对支持感知者识别无神论的面部特征进行了研究,结果表明面部的不同部分足以独立传达无神论。实验 4 调查并展示了无神论检测的潜在机制--表情抑制。因此,在九项研究(N = 677)中,这些数据有力地证明了可以通过面部线索对无神论者进行分类。
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来源期刊
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
9.50%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior presents peer-reviewed original theoretical and empirical research on all major areas of nonverbal behavior. Specific topics include paralanguage, proxemics, facial expressions, eye contact, face-to-face interaction, and nonverbal emotional expression, as well as other subjects which contribute to the scientific understanding of nonverbal processes and behavior.
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