Production and modifications of biochar to engineered materials and its application for environmental sustainability: a review

IF 13.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Biochar Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI:10.1007/s42773-024-00350-1

Gokulan Ravindiran, Sivarethinamohan Rajamanickam, Gorti Janardhan, Gasim Hayder, Avinash Alagumalai, Omid Mahian, Su Shiung Lam, Christian Sonne

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Abstract

Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass waste through thermal conversion, holds great environmental promise. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the various feedstocks used in biochar production, the different types of thermal degradation processes, biochar characterization, properties, modifications to engineered materials, and their applications in the environment. The quality of biochar, including surface area, pore size and volume, and functional group formation, is significantly influenced by the specific conditions under which thermal conversion takes place. Each of the diverse processes employed to produce biochar yields a distinct set of properties in the final product. In recent years, biochar has gained widespread recognition and utilization in diverse fields such as wastewater treatment, carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, biogas production, catalysis in biofuel industries, construction, and soil enhancement. In summary, biochar is a promising environmental mitigation tool to achieve a sustainable environment. In addition to its benefits, the application of biochar presents several challenges, including the selection of feedstocks, methods of biochar production, modifications to biochar, the properties of biochar, and the specific applications of biochar. The current review summarizes factors that could lead to significant advancements in future applications.

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生物炭的生产和改性为工程材料及其在环境可持续性方面的应用：综述

生物炭是一种通过热转化从生物质废物中生产出来的富碳材料，在环保方面大有可为。本文全面概述了生物炭生产中使用的各种原料、不同类型的热降解过程、生物炭的表征、特性、对工程材料的改性及其在环境中的应用。生物炭的质量，包括表面积、孔隙大小和体积以及官能团的形成，受热转化的特定条件影响很大。生产生物炭所采用的每种工艺都会在最终产品中产生一系列不同的特性。近年来，生物炭在废水处理、碳封存、减少温室气体排放、沼气生产、生物燃料工业催化、建筑和土壤改良等多个领域得到了广泛的认可和应用。总之，生物炭是实现可持续环境的一种前景广阔的环境缓解工具。除了它的益处，生物炭的应用也面临着一些挑战，包括原料的选择、生物炭的生产方法、生物炭的改性、生物炭的特性以及生物炭的具体应用。本综述总结了可能导致未来应用取得重大进展的因素。

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来源期刊

Biochar Multiple-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

期刊介绍： Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.