Younger children and mothers’ labour supply in rural India: Evidence from fertility stopping behaviour

IF 1.6 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY
Isha Gupta
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper estimates the causal effect of having young children aged 0–5 years on mothers’ labour force participation in rural India. To address the potential endogeneity in the fertility decision, I exploit Indian families’ preference for having sons. I leverage exogenous variation in the gender of older children aged 6 + years as an instrumental variable for having younger children aged 0–5 years in the family. IV estimates show that the mothers’ participation is significantly reduced by 9.9% due to the presence of young children aged 0–5 years in the household, with the negative effect mostly driven by mothers belonging to the highest income quartile; mothers with high education; and mothers residing in nuclear families. The findings highlight the need for investment in high-skilled jobs and formal childcare facilities to encourage mothers’ labour supply. Using the testable implications for the generalizability of LATE discussed in Angrist (The Economic Journal, 114: C52 C83, 2004), I show that the estimated causal effect is homogenous across compliers, always takers, and never takers and thus, generalizable to the whole population of interest.

Abstract Image

印度农村地区年幼子女和母亲的劳动力供给:生育停止行为的证据
本文估算了印度农村地区 0-5 岁幼儿对母亲劳动力参与的因果效应。为了解决生育决策中潜在的内生性问题,我利用了印度家庭对生儿子的偏好。我利用 6 岁以上大孩子性别的外生变化作为家庭中有 0-5 岁幼儿的工具变量。IV 估计结果表明,由于家中有 0-5 岁的幼儿,母亲的参与率大幅降低了 9.9%,而产生负面影响的主要是属于最高收入四分位数的母亲、受过高等教育的母亲以及居住在核心家庭中的母亲。研究结果突出表明,有必要对高技能工作和正规托儿设施进行投资,以鼓励母亲提供劳动力。利用 Angrist(《经济学报》,114:C52 C83,2004 年)中讨论的 LATE 可推广性的可检验含义,我证明了估计的因果效应在遵守者、始终接受者和从不接受者之间是同质的,因此可推广到所有相关人群。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
期刊介绍: The Journal of Population Research is a peer-reviewed, international journal which publishes papers on demography and population-related issues. Coverage is not restricted geographically. The Journal publishes substantive empirical analyses, theoretical works, applied research and contributions to methodology. Submissions may take the form of original research papers, perspectives, review articles and shorter technical research notes. Special issues emanating from conferences and other meetings are also considered.
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