Managing Micronutrient Deficiencies in High-Risk Patients: No Small Feat!

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-03 DOI:10.1007/s13668-024-00552-w
Ethan Steele, David Liu, Endashaw Omer
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Micronutrients are vital dietary components for growth and development. Adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through diet is crucial for proper biomolecular and cellular functioning. Many developed countries supplement foods and micronutrient deficiencies are less common. However, many disease states impair micronutrient absorption, metabolism, and excretion. Thus, early recognition of the signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies is critical for providers to improve quality of life and prevent complications in high-risk patients. This article reviews the basic function of micronutrients, recognizes the symptoms of each micronutrient deficiency, provides natural sources of intake, and discusses the diagnosis and supplementation of each micronutrient. High risk patients based on disease state for each micronutrient is discussed. In addition, Bariatric patients are a specific group at high risk of micronutrient deficiency and their management and supplementation for treatment is also covered.

Recent findings: Micronutrients play a vital role in antioxidant defense, especially in critically ill patients, due to an increase in oxidative stress. Early intervention with high-dose supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and selenium may have beneficial effects. Micronutrients deficiency remains an issue for patients in the developed world. Providers should recognize patients who are at high risk for micronutrients deficiencies and provide proper screening and prompt supplementation after diagnosis to prevent complications of micronutrient deficiencies.

管理高危患者的微量营养素缺乏症:非同小可!
审查目的:微量营养素是生长和发育的重要膳食成分。通过饮食摄入充足的维生素和矿物质对生物分子和细胞的正常功能至关重要。许多发达国家补充食物,微量营养素缺乏症并不常见。然而,许多疾病都会影响微量营养素的吸收、代谢和排泄。因此,及早识别微量营养素缺乏的症状和体征对于医疗服务提供者提高高危患者的生活质量和预防并发症至关重要。本文回顾了微量营养素的基本功能,认识了每种微量营养素缺乏的症状,提供了摄入微量营养素的天然来源,并讨论了每种微量营养素的诊断和补充。还讨论了基于疾病状态的高危患者对每种微量营养素的需求。此外,减肥患者也是微量营养素缺乏的高危人群,该书还介绍了他们的管理和补充治疗方法:最近的研究结果:由于氧化应激的增加,微量营养素在抗氧化防御中发挥着至关重要的作用,尤其是在重症患者中。通过大剂量补充维生素 C、维生素 E、锌和硒进行早期干预可能会产生有益的效果。微量营养素缺乏仍然是发达国家患者面临的一个问题。医疗服务提供者应识别微量营养素缺乏症的高危人群,并在确诊后提供适当的筛查和及时补充,以预防微量营养素缺乏症的并发症。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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