Validation of a New Liquid Asymmetric-Electrode Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (LAEP-OES) Method for Measurement of Total Mercury in Tuna.

Abstract

Background: Mercury intake is caused by eating seafood, such as tuna and other predatory fish species. To reduce the health risks of mercury intake, it is necessary to continuously measure and monitor mercury concentrations at fish farms and markets. We have developed a compact system that can detect multiple heavy metals by liquid asymmetric-electrode plasma optical emission spectroscopy (LAEP-OES).

Objective: The validity of the LAEP-OES method for total mercury levels was evaluated using standard solutions, certified substances, and specimens of bluefin tuna and other fish species.

Methods: All specimens were dissolved in 4 M lithium hydroxide solution and then dispensed into a sample reservoir well of the single-use measurement reagent pack. Total mercury levels were automatically measured within 15 min of placement into the dedicated equipment. A total of 102 fish specimens, classified into 10 fish species, were evaluated using the new method and the results were compared to those obtained from validated analytical methods.

Results: LOD (0.02 mg/kg), LOQ (0.07 mg/kg), repeatability (4.0%), intermediate precision (9.8%), and trueness (recoveries 107%) of the proposed method were within satisfactory limits for total mercury levels in fish. Additionally, when using various fish species, the method had a strong positive correlation with the results of cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS, the official method) with Spearman rs = 0.984.

Conclusion: The LAEP-OES method can be used for measuring total mercury levels in bluefin tuna. Total mercury measurement using this new method has the potential to be applied to other fish species.

Highlights: Total mercury levels in fish were measured using our unique analysis system. Pacific bluefin tuna, southern bluefin tuna, and Atlantic bluefin tuna distributed in the Japanese market were analyzed for total mercury in their wild and farmed fish varieties.